Driving Under the Influence Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2218 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? Over the past couple of years, a lot of people have been caught Driving Under the Influence (DUI). This means that someone has been driving a vehicle while he/she is drunk or has an excess of alcohol in his/her blood. It may also mean that someone is under the influence of illegal drugs while he/she is driving, and thus, may put his/her life and even the lives of others in danger. A Breathalyzer test is done in order to check if someone has been driving while intoxicated through estimating the level of alcohol in their blood. Another thing: once you get arrested, your car will be towed and you will have to pay for you to be able to get it back, too. Aside from that, one of your biggest problems would be if your car insurance gets taken away because you have been drunk driving which is very irresponsible. This would cost you a lot of money and a lot of problems especially if you are still paying for the insurance because it may be doubled or tripled within the n ext three to five years. So, what actually happens to the insurance rates after one has been charged with DUI? What are the penalties that one has to face? Here is a rundown of what you could expect in case you or someone you know gets charged with Driving Under the Influence: Being convicted for DUI is probably bad for your car insurance rates. While you might not be willing to rush off and report your conviction to your insurance provider, most likely you wont have the ability to hide it. Your attorney might refer you to an insurance professional, who specializes in DUI cases, to be able to help to keep your rates manageable. The SR-22 Form Since a DUI conviction generally comes with license suspension, in many states you’re required to obtain a form called SR-22 from the insurance provider to get rid of your license suspension.Additionally, the SR-22 mandates that your insurance provider reports any cancellation of the insurance plan to the DMV.Due to the SR-22 , your insurance provider will probably increase your insurance premiums because you’ll now be considered a high-risk driver. Premiums can increase to double or triple of the original rate. The insurance provider could also cancel or not renew your policy if you’re currently a preferred rate policy holder. If you’re exploring for any new insurance company, try to get it done before your present company cancels your policy.It is bad to have a DUI conviction on record, but it’ll be even harder to have insurance from another insurance provider if you have an insurance cancellation on your record. Insurers in non SR-22 states If you live in a state that doesn’t need a SR-22, then you may be fortunate enough that the insurer won’t learn about your conviction. Statistics reveal that approximately one in five convictions for DUI never show up on DMV records. Remember that different insurance providers handle DUI convictions in different ways.Although some might want to cancel the policy you have, others might want to switch you to a high-risk policy, and yet others might just raise the premiums. Insurance providers consider DUI convictions on the case-by-case basis, so your premiums can depend on many factors like your driving background, age, or gender. SR22 Laws Vary by State The penalties related to driving under the influence vary between states, however in most of the states if you are found guilty of impaired driving, your drivers rights are going to be suspended for around thirty days to one year, even when it is the first offence.In many states, to get your license and privileges back, you will need to submit an SR 22 form to the licensing agency, which proves that you have car insurance. For how long will your insurance rates increase? Again, laws vary between states, but generally a DUI conviction will impact your insurance premiums for a period of 3 years. In case of subsequent convictions, the length of time is a lot more longer. Many states have driving under the influence laws that offer enhanced penalties for special conditions, like if some third person was injured, in case a child was present in the vehicle, in case your blood alcohol levels exceeded a specific level or had you been younger than 21 during the time of your arrest. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx How big your rate hike is going to be? There are 8 factors that determine how DUIs will effect your car insurance rates. How big your rate hike will be depends on several factors, including: 1. Age. Young drivers are socked with big raises following a DUI. Theyre much more accident-prone to begin with add drunken driving to this mix, and insurance providers become wary. This could also be an indication of a lifelong problem. 2. Arrest circumstances If you have been arrested at a sobriety checkpoint, you should see a less hike in rates compared to a situation where you were involved in a multi car crash. Some states rank DUI offenses in several categories of severity, an aspect that insurers will look into while setting the rates. 3. Driving history If have a recent motor vehicle accident on your record, you could expect a considerable rate bump. 4. Your state Each state has different guidelines that determine how much insurers can charge drivers. Consequently, insurers may demand more for higher-risk motorists in certain states compared to others. 5. Your location Drivers who reside in dense, urban neighborhoods with high-speed highways are considered as high risk drivers following a DUI. 7. Insufficient coverage In the event you didnt have insurance policy during the time of your DUI arrest, its likely to be hard to get one at any price afterwards. Youve branded yourself as reckless in insurers eyes by failing to carry an insurance and by driving drunk. You likely will need to be insured from your states high-risk pool, where prices could be double of what you would have paid privately. 8. Number of DUIs The first drunken driving offense will hike your prices substantially, simply because research indicates that first time offenders often are alcohol or substance abusers. Research put together by Mothers Against Drunk Driving and the National Traffic Law Center found that more than eighty percent of first time offenders are alcoholics or problem drinkers. About one-third of drivers charged for driving while being impaired yearly are serial offenders, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reports. Following a second conviction, its unlikely youll manage to find a private insurance. Ripple effects Your drunken traveling conviction will affect your insurance premiums for many years. Usually, a drunken driving incident or conviction will stay on your record until Jan. 1 of the 4th year following the conviction. Following a DUI conviction, all but six states Pennsylvania, Oklahoma, New M exico, Minnesota, Kentucky and Delaware require monitoring of the car insurance coverage to ensure it stays in effect. For those who have insurance during the time of their conviction, your present insurer may drop you. Should this happen, dont assume you need to consider your states high-risk pool. Look around first Competitiveness among insurance providers has brought down the rates and you might find a much better deal with a private insurer. How Could You Avoid Increase Rates? Increased premiums come into play when you would like to have your privileges back. You can avoid these extra charges by using a public transport. A couple of states will still allow you to use mopeds without having a license. Even when you don’t personally own an automobile, but want your driving privileges restored following a DUI conviction, you will have to submit a SR-22 form by purchasing a non-owner policy. Simply put, you will need to buy insurance for a vehicle that you donâ⠂¬â„¢t even own. Why insurers are extremely cautious about DUI? Your driving history plays a significant role in determining the money you will pay for auto insurance. And a conviction under DUI suggests a risky driving history, which means higher auto insurance rates. Well explain why insurers are so wary of DUIs. DUIs = high-risk driving, high-risk driving = higher premiums The premium you pay on your policy depends, to some extent, on what your insurer deems your chance of being involved in an accident. And driving under the influence is exceedingly risky and dangerous. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) informs us that during 2010 alone, driving under the influence cost 10,228 people their lives, making up 31 percent of fatal car accidents. Alcohol (as well as other intoxicants) affects the nervous system and impairs driving ability, slowing down reaction times and the ability to focus while influencing your ability to monitor the speed – a highly lethal combination, if you ask us. Studies have shown that, due to these effects, individuals with .09 blood alcohol concentration (BAC) or greater are 11 times more prone to engage in a fatal accident than totally sober people. Following the nightmare of the DUI trial, your driving privileges might be restored. However, the question of car insurance gets to be more complex and much more expensive after a DUI conviction is on your record. Your Current Insurer Precisely what your insurance provider can legally do depends on the law of the state, however, your insurance provider may cancel or decline to renew your policy, limit coverage conditions or, at least, increase your premiums. Although this increase can vary greatly, your premiums may go up just as much as 100 % or even more. The way your insurer reacts to your DUI case might be worse for those who have other cases against them, like previous DUI convictions, late or unpaid insurance premiums o r any other negative history. Not every state requires car insurance as a condition of driving, but those which do not require insurance have financial obligation laws that assign accountability to at-fault drivers in accidents for resulting healthcare expenses or property damage. Having a car insurance is strongly recommended to pay for this legal responsibility. Can One Get Car Insurance Following a DUI Conviction? Unfortunately, many car insurance companies are not going to insure a driver that has been found guilty of driving under the influence. This is for a number of reasons. The first is the risk that you will drive intoxicated by drugs or alcohol again. This really is dangerous in that you might not just hurt yourself by driving intoxicated, but you may also hurt as well as kill someone else. The business insuring you need to be ready to pay all of the expenses associated with medical bills for anybody injured because of your negligence. The insurer might det ermine that the risk outweighs any gain of getting you as a customer. However, many insurers will provide you with another chance. A lot of companies think that people learn from their mistakes and become a much better and safer driver. It is essential to take a look at all of your options when it comes to auto insurance following a DUI. Speak with several companies and figure out what you can save despite your poor driving record. Auto insurance following a DUI Auto insurance is available in three flavors: 1. Standard market, 2. Secondary market and 3. Assigned risk pool. Standard market businesses cover the standard risk pool, which does not include SR-22 filers and other drunk drivers who were convicted. If your present company cancels or refuses to renew your policy then you will need to look for coverage in the secondary market. Since the drivers in the secondary market are a higher risk and suffer much more losses, monthly premiums are greater. Add i n the cost for SR-22 filing, and your premiums go even higher. Following a DUI, you can easily pay 3 to 4 times of what you used to pay for your coverage before. The assigned risk pool is for individuals who cant get auto coverage elsewhere. The policy is restricted as well as the price is high. You dont wish to wind up here, however, if you let your insurance cancel and get suspended again, your states designated risk pool might be your only option. Here are a few methods to lower your car insurance cost following a DUI conviction. Look around: Insurance companies are all different, and if the only blemish you have is DUI, you might get more favorable pricing. Trade in: Purchase a cheaper and older vehicle that doesnt need you to carry comprehensive and collision coverage. Understand the law: Talk with your states insurance division and find out how long an insurance provider can count driving under the influence conviction in determining your premiums. Mark the c alendar, and start shopping once you qualify. Keep in mind that the clock starts ticking on your conviction date, not your infraction date. Keep your nose clean: Every ticket or claim on your own record will carry more importance now, so slow down and be cautious. Resist the temptation to reduce your liability limits to save money. The savings usually are not great enough to outweigh the extra risk, and if you are searching for new coverage some companies will provide you with better rates in the event you carried higher-than-minimum liability limits with your previous provider. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Driving Under the Influence Example For Free" essay for you Create order

The Epic Of Gilgamesh The Cradle Of Civilization

About 5,500 years ago in the land widely known as â€Å"The Cradle of Civilization† or the â€Å"Land between rivers† stood Mesopotamia the worlds most prestigious ancient river civilization that emerged in those times. And it can, in fact be proven that because of Mesopotamia s extensive trade routes, its great leaders, and the growth in technology that occurred that Mesopotamia was one of the greatest civilizations to have ever existed. By which it not only it helped create some important things such as Writing and laws but it was one of the first civilizations where people began to settle down and help formed the fundamental structure of a civilization that brought everything from law to schools. And we can gather information about these people s way of life, beliefs, and geographical location. From â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh† a literary work that shows us several important pieces of information that helps us understand this ancient civilization of Mesopot amia in where this epic shows us the people’s belief, how they live and worked and their views on death. But first we need to know that Mesopotamia began like allot of other civilizations through the process known as urbanization in where the Sumerians were the first people to migrate to Mesopotamia and found good soil that provided a surplus of food and with the surplus of food it brought people to settle down from the nomad lifestyle to a settler’s life by creating villages, towns and then cities. So around 9000 BC the vastShow MoreRelatedThe Search for Immortality in the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pagesfor eternal life is a cultural universal. The ideology surrounding immortality transcends time and a plethora of cultures. 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Dickens presents the characters of Gradgrind Essay Example For Students

Dickens presents the characters of Gradgrind Essay Now, what I want is, Facts. With these opening words to Hard Times, spoken by Thomas Gradgrind, Dickens declaims Gradgrinds values in life. Gradgrinds gives his instructions to the class teacher in unequivocal terms, using repetition of the word Facts several times to emphasise his narrow vision of the purpose of education and he closes with the words Stick to Facts, sir! Through his subsequent description of the classroom and of Gradgrinds physical appearance Dickens subtly gives us an idea of his very personality. The description of the room as a plain, bare, monotonous vault of a schoolroom parallels the inflexibility and solidity of both Gradgrinds personality and his physical appearance. He even outlines his appearance in architectural terms, talking of his square wall of a forehead and by repetition of the adjective square, as in square forefinger, square coat, square legs, square shoulders, we are given a vision of unrelenting straightness, monotony and solidity. All this is achieved in a forthright, good-natured manner (like Gradgrind himself), through the use of irony and an exaggerated, satirical humour, which entices the reader into colluding with the writer in his mockery of Gradgrind. In Chapter II he develops this theme through the use of metaphors such as ready to weigh any parcel of human nature, and we understand that Gradgrind is without any imagination or humanitarian feelings and is proud of it, seeing value only in measurable and incontestable Facts. Dickens then presents us with two contrasting young people in the forms of Sissy and Bitzer. Once again he uses both the description of the room (Sissy came in for the beginning of a sunbeam of which Bitzer.caught the end) and their contrasting physical appearances underline the differences between them. Sissy is given in sunny, colourful terms but Bitzer is described as cold and unwholesomely deficient in the natural tinge, encouraging the reader to value natural, human emotion over cold and bare facts. The very choice of names, an alliterative diminutive (Sissy) for her instead of the warlike surname of Blitzer for the boy, gives an contrasting feel to the way we are expected to view these two characters. Bitzer is praised for his factual definition of a horse, using no imaginative language, and in this way Dickens shows us that imagination is anathema to everyone we have met so far, except for Sissy. Our sympathy towards her is aroused as she becomes confused, frightened and humiliated by the adults. She alone is described in emotive terms such as thrown into the greatest alarm. She alone uses words such as pretty and pleasant. Thus by means of irony, exaggeration, metaphor, and humour we are introduced to these three characters. Dickens use of repetition, unusual and carefully chosen names and appropriate adjectives leads us to understand the conflicting ideals and personalities of the characters and exposes the parallel conflict between utilitarianism and humanitarianism which is a constant theme of the book.  What impression does Dickens give us of the Gradgrinds home life? Look at the behaviour of Tom and Louisa. What is our impression of them in Ch. 3 and at the end of Ch. 4? Dickens carries the cold, inflexible feel of Gradgrinds idealism into his home life and family and, by repeating the word model, conveys Gradgrinds well-meaning convictions. As before, hard facts abound and pressure is applied to create model children. Dickens uses heavy irony to show how the children are prevented from enjoying normal childish pleasures and behaviour. The house itself is appropriately called Stone Lodge and the theme of plain, bare and monotonous from Chapter II is continued with expressions such as a great square house, all ruled straight. Comparisons are made between the house and Grandgrinds dark appearance and the use of metaphor continues when Dickens talks of bits of stone and ore (two hard substances in themselves) in the childrens metallurgical cabinets being broken from the parent substances. .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b , .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b .postImageUrl , .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b , .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b:hover , .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b:visited , .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b:active { border:0!important; } .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b:active , .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub4ecdff78b58c7bcdb0e4950537e8e8b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Discuss the dramatic impact of the balcony scene EssayOur initial impression of Tom and Louisa is that the hard, factual upbringing they have experienced has not succeeded in totally crushing their natural childish spirit. Dickens chooses to introduce them to us as they surreptitiously dare to grab a glimpse of a circus through a hole in the circus tent something any normal child might do. He uses this incident to show that despite Gradgrinds best efforts at raising them to value facts alone, they have retained a natural childish curiosity and enjoyment of life. The circus people are described in jovial, jolly and mock high-flown language, giving a feeling of showmanship, exaggeration, excitement and fun all things which would be thoroughly disapproved of by Gradgrind and have been denied the children.

The Holocaust was a time when countless Jews Essay Example For Students

The Holocaust was a time when countless Jews Essay The Holocaust was a time when countless Jews, and others deemed undesirables by Hitler and the Nazis, underwent the most cruel and inhumane persecution while trapped in concentration camps under the power of the Third Reich. Elie Wiesels Night is an account of his unimaginably shocking experiences in and traveling to such concentration camps as only a young boy. While Wiesel does not specify in the book why he chose the title Night, it can be assumed that it is in reference to a number of Wiesels most disturbing memories of events that occur at night. However, there also seems to be an underlying denotative meaning, as the Holocaust for Wiesel and his fellow prisoners is one long night of both physical and emotional pain, suffering, and death. Wiesel is incurably traumatized as a young boy undergoing this appalling experience that is the Holocaust. As well as everyday life in the camps, this is due largely to many particular events that happen to Wiesel at night, the first of which is the ordeal with Madame Schi chter and the nighttime fires. A group of Jews from Wiesels hometown are packed into a cattle wagon by the Nazis and taken away from their homes. We will write a custom essay on The Holocaust was a time when countless Jews specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now None of them knows where they are going or what awaits them when they arrive, yet a family friend of Wiesels named Madame Schi chter rouses every night to shriek about the fires she sees outside the cattle wagon, fires that dont exist, Jews, listen to me! I can see a fire! There are huge flames! It is a furnace! (23). When she doesnt stop, Madame Schi chter is bound, gagged, and eventually the other passengers struck her several times on the head blows that might have killed her, in an attempt to make the bloodcurdling screams subside (24). This impacts Wiesel to a great extent, as he is only a young boy, and this whole ordeal emotionally destroys all of those in Wiesels wagon, Out terror was about to burst the sides of the train. Our nerves were at breaking point. Our flesh was creeping. It was as though madness were taking possession of us all. We could stand it no longer (23). Wiesel not only witnesses the nightly petrifying screams of a woman he knows well, but also the brutal beating of her by others who also know her well, and are in the same situation that she is. Experiencing an episode like this would, without a doubt, permanently scar anybody, needless to say a young boy in his early teens. This is Wiesels first personal encounter with anything of this sort, the type of occurrence where fellow prisoners transform into animalistic savages who turn against each other, an occurrence which becomes all too familiar in Wiesels near future. This is only one of many horrific, and unfortunately memorable, nighttime occurrence that Wiesel witnesses, most of which are equally terrible, if not more so. While Wiesel experiences a great number of such events that may have influenced him in his choice of the title Night, however, it also seems as though Wiesels life in the concentration camps is very analogous to the common perceptions of night in the days before electricity. The night was feared mainly due to the fact that the darker side of humanity emerged at night. Night was the time when robbery, burglary, arson, murder, and other crimes were most apt to occur. Human beings transformed into inhuman monsters, reverting to savage brutality and cruelty for selfish purposes, much like the Nazis of the Holocaust, and even many of the prisoners themselves. Although Wiesel is deeply traumatized by the Nazis and their cruelty, he seems even more deeply affected by the brutality and cruelty shown within the prisoners of the camp, to their own people and sometimes even their own families. On the train en route from Buna to Buchenwald, Wiesel witnesses a young man murdering his own father for a scrap of bread that was intended for him anyway: .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7 , .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7 .postImageUrl , .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7 , .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7:hover , .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7:visited , .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7:active { border:0!important; } .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7:active , .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7 .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u53c57e9550fa8f277a92dc6dede3dac7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alan Bennet's Talking Heads - A monologue commentary EssayA shadow had just loomed up near him. The shadow threw itself upon him. Felled him to the ground, stunned him with blows, the old man cried: Meir. Meir my boy! Dont you recognize me? Im your father youre hurting me youre killing your father! Ive got some bread for you too for you too. He collapsed. His fist was still clenched around a small piece the other one threw himself upon him and snatched it (96). This is the type of inhuman behavior Wiesel witnesses that makes this experience in the camps one long night. Murders are being committed brutally and without reason. The darkest side of humanity is exposed, which is true both for the persecutors and the persecuted. Wiesels experiences in the concentration camps resemble former perceptions of night in a number of ways, and are strung together to form one long, unimaginable nightmare. Wiesel depicts in a number of ways the horrible incidents he experienced at night, as well as his experience in the camps as a whole, which seemed like one long night. And although there were countless deaths in this one long and terrible night, and memories that will never be forgotten, dawn comes again for Wiesel and the many other survivors.

Free Essays on My Relationship With Myself

When asked about the relationship with myself, initially I was speechless. I have rarely directed my thoughts and feelings towards myself. However, through the teachings of this class and additional readings, I have become more knowledgeable about myself and am able to respond to questions about me and understand myself. The topics that will be addressed in this paper will include positive thinking with self-talk, defense mechanisms, self-esteem, self-awareness, stress and emotions. These topics were chosen because I can relate to them very well, and writing this paper allowed me to become more intimate with them and learn more about them so that I may continue to change the aspects of my life that I am not happy with. This paper will also discuss how these characteristics correlate to the relationship with myself. The first characteristic is positive thinking and self-talk. There are many excellent reasons to use positive thinking in your everyday routine. The authors or our text book, Becoming Aware, on page eighty, explain that positive moods can help us to think more clearly, increase optimism and raise self-esteem. A positive mood creates a positive attitude, which paves the pathway throughout the day for a feeling of control over the environment and circumstances. However, positive thinking is very difficult for the majority of the population. It seems as though many of us are very pessimistic and negative. It is no wonder so many people do not live up to their full potential. We have all of these negative thoughts and feelings around saying that we are not good enough and we will never become anything. Some of us have developed the ability to shut the negative thoughts out, and use self-talk to reinforce it. In Shad Helmstetter’s book What to Say When You Talk to Yourself, he mentions that positive thinking is a great concept, but it can only take a person just so far. It is an aid for people to get on the track of re... Free Essays on My Relationship With Myself Free Essays on My Relationship With Myself When asked about the relationship with myself, initially I was speechless. I have rarely directed my thoughts and feelings towards myself. However, through the teachings of this class and additional readings, I have become more knowledgeable about myself and am able to respond to questions about me and understand myself. The topics that will be addressed in this paper will include positive thinking with self-talk, defense mechanisms, self-esteem, self-awareness, stress and emotions. These topics were chosen because I can relate to them very well, and writing this paper allowed me to become more intimate with them and learn more about them so that I may continue to change the aspects of my life that I am not happy with. This paper will also discuss how these characteristics correlate to the relationship with myself. The first characteristic is positive thinking and self-talk. There are many excellent reasons to use positive thinking in your everyday routine. The authors or our text book, Becoming Aware, on page eighty, explain that positive moods can help us to think more clearly, increase optimism and raise self-esteem. A positive mood creates a positive attitude, which paves the pathway throughout the day for a feeling of control over the environment and circumstances. However, positive thinking is very difficult for the majority of the population. It seems as though many of us are very pessimistic and negative. It is no wonder so many people do not live up to their full potential. We have all of these negative thoughts and feelings around saying that we are not good enough and we will never become anything. Some of us have developed the ability to shut the negative thoughts out, and use self-talk to reinforce it. In Shad Helmstetter’s book What to Say When You Talk to Yourself, he mentions that positive thinking is a great concept, but it can only take a person just so far. It is an aid for people to get on the track of re...

Situated Ethos in Rhetoric

Situated Ethos in Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, situated ethos is a type of  proof that  relies primarily on a speakers reputation within his or her community. Also called prior or  acquired ethos. In contrast to invented ethos  (which is projected by the rhetor during the course of the  speech  itself), situated ethos is based on the rhetors public image, social status, and perceived moral character. An unfavorable [situated] ethos will hamper the effectiveness of a speaker, notes James Andrews, whereas a favorable ethos may well be the single most potent force in promoting successful persuasion (A Choice of Worlds). Examples and Observations Situated ethos is  a function of a speakers reputation or standing in a specific community or context. For example, a physician will have a certain credibility not only in a professional setting, such as a hospital but also in the community at large because of the social standing of medical doctors.(Robert P. Yagelski,  Writing: Ten Core Concepts. Cengage, 2015)Situated ethos can be enhanced over time  by building up a reputation that is tied to a particular discourse community; as Halloran (1982) explained its use in the classical tradition, to have ethos is to manifest the virtues most valued by the culture to and for which one speaks (p. 60).(Wendi Sierra and Doug Eyman, I Rolled the Dice With Trade Chat  and This Is What I Got.  Online Credibility and Digital Ethos, ed. by Moe Folk and Shawn Apostel. IGI Global, 2013)Richard Nixons depreciated ethos- For a public figure like [Richard] Nixon, the task of the artful persuader is not to contradict the impressions people al ready have of him but to supplement these impressions with other, favorable ones.(Michael S. Kochin,  Five Chapters on Rhetoric: Character, Action, Things, Nothing, and Art. Penn State Press, 2009)- In rhetorical interaction, no particular is more consequential than  ethos. Depreciated  ethos, for instance, can be disastrous. A prompt and forthright response by Richard Nixon  to facts of the Watergate incident might have saved his presidency. His evasions and other defensive acts only weakened his position. . . . Behavior that is perceptively  evasive, uncaring, self-abasing, spiteful, envious, abusive, and tyrannical, etc, contributes to tarnished credibility; with mature audiences, it returns only rhetorical loss. (Harold Barrett,  Rhetoric and Civility: Human Development, Narcissism, and the Good Audience. State University of New York Press, 1991) Situated ethos in Roman rhetoric- Aristotles conception of an [invented] ethos portrayed only through the medium of a speech was, for the Roman orator, neither acceptable nor adequate. [The Romans believed that character was] bestowed or inherited by nature, [and that] in most cases character remains constant from generation to generation of the same family.(James M. May, Trials of Character: The Eloquence of Ciceronian Ethos, 1988)- According to Quintilian, Roman rhetoricians who relied on Greek rhetorical theory sometimes confused ethos with pathosappeals to the emotionsbecause there was no satisfactory term for ethos in Latin. Cicero occasionally used the Latin term persona), and Quintilian simply borrowed the Greek term. This lack of a technical term is not surprising, because the requirement of having a respectable character was built into the very fabric of Roman oratory. Early Roman society was governed by means of family authority, and so a persons lineage had everything to d o with what sort of ethos he could command when he took part in public affairs. The older and more respected the family, the more discursive authority its members enjoyed.(Sharon Crowley and Debra Hawhee, Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students, 3rd edition, Pearson, 2004) Kenneth Burke on ethos and identificationYou persuade a man only insofar as you can talk his language by speech, gesture, tonality, order, image, attitude, idea, identifying your ways with his. Persuasion by flattery is but a special case of persuasion in general. But flattery can safely serve as our paradigm if we systematically widen its meaning, to see behind it the conditions of identification or consubstantiality in general.(Kenneth Burke, The Rhetoric of Motives, 1950)

Crime control strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Crime control strategies - Essay Example According to Otis Rice, the legacy of the civil war, and the weakness of institutions such as the church, education system, the isolation of the family, and the impotence of the law led to the origin of those feuds with an example being the Hatfield-McCoy feud (King, 2013). The occasional revenge in retribution to the evil done by each rival side shortly set the wheel in motion. John Ed Pearce adds that much of the feud violence never reached the courts. This is because they had little or no trust, for them, thus ended up settling the matters themselves (King, 2013). He adds most of the settlers were of aristocratic background, who had fled harsh English laws and oppression, and had found a new way of life of which they wanted nobody to infringe on them. Therefore, they fought for what they saw as justice themselves a case being the Martin-Tolliver feud in Kentucky. In conclusion, revenge, poor justice system, need for self-rule and political factors made the family feuds and conflicts had to resolve hence their longevity. The quest for freedom and the thought of crushing anybody, which threatened it be it laws or neighboring society, made the feuds escalate to an extent of a legendary

M6A1-Question 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

M6A1-Question 2 - Essay Example sition to identify the three needs that prevails among the organizational employees, then it would give the leaders a perfect opportunity to determine various ways in which the organizational employees can be motivated. In most cases, organizational employees tend to look upon their organizational leaders in order to depict what they best see. This means that the effective leaders should at least empower other organizational members who will be in a position to make use of the power given to them by furthering the vision of the leaders (McClelland, 2008). Leaders who tend to be driven by the urge of power in most cases they fail to misinterpret it for egoism. This aspect is seen as a positive move because in most cases, they still have the ability of maintaining social relationships in their organizations and with their workers (Passmore, 2010). Alternatively, the aspect of ignoring power related concerns when it comes to organizational operations and activities might end up being negative for both the organizational employees and the organizational leaders. In most cases, ignorance of power related concerns especially in the organization mostly leads to tension and bad blood between organizational employees and the leaders. Advising these types of leaders on how best they can handle their power would be one of the cautions to offer to such leaders. Alternatively, engaging in leadership seminars is also important in such cases. During the seminars, the leaders would be given the best advice on how to control their organizational powe rs (Schemerhon, 2011). Very few aspects tend to be more important when it comes to human activities as compared to the aspect of power and leadership in the organization. In as much as power tends to be important generally, the main risk that comes with it is the increased or the excessive power, which a person has. The importance of power is when the leaders can bring out a success story from a weak business plan. This implies that

Example of Argumentative Essay Essay Example for Free

Example of Argumentative Essay Essay History shows reiteratively throughout the recorded times that the mark set for students will be predominately that which they aim for and mostly stop therein. If students are not shown any higher level of knowledge the students should at no time be expected to aim for that which they did not perceive. Students will indeed float to the mark you set. History has shown us many valuable illustrations; one of them would be the vast comparison between students during the Ottoman empire and students in the reign of the Spartan empire, the Spartans were taught that knowledge is crucial, if it helps you to fight, whilst the Ottomans were taught that knowledge was imperative if it was beneficial in any way. Because Spartan pupils were finite to knowledge that did not pertain to warfare, they were infinitesimally limited in any other area, and to no degree were able to match the heights of knowledge of the Ottoman student body, the mark for these learners had been set considerably inferior than that for the under-graduates of the Ottoman empire, and so the students attained the mark that was set and were prescribed no reason to surpass it. Therefore it is clear to recognize that the objective a teacher sets for their pupil is all that their pupil will ever feel the demand to accomplish. Students are comparable to a kayak in the sea trying to reach an island to anchor on, and the teacher is the equivalent of the current, the stronger they push to try to reach and help the students, the closer they get to the island. Because students are reliant on their instructors to provide them with an objective to grasp, the supervisors specified a mark, and the students float to the mark that was decided. Therefore the students need only fulfill that which their instructor has itemized for them, and that would be the mark that was stipulated. Since pupils will only feel the need to do what was required in distinction to them, they will inevitably isolate themselves to the mark that was set before them.

Louis Armstrong Essay -- Jazz Player Music Musician Biography Essays

Louis Armstrong Heroes are needed in the world to give people something to look up to, someone to be like. Louis Armstrong over came such adversities as poverty, a lack of good education, and racism to become one of the greatest jazz player not just of the 1920s but of the 20th century. Armstrong was one of the creators of Jazz and was one of the most popular entertainers from the 1920s. Starting out at a young age he never knew that one day he would be such a popular jazz player and also not knowing that one day he might even be called a hero. Armstrong was born on July 4, 1900 in the Storyville section of New Orleans. At the age of 12 his life changed. When he was parting for New Years Eve, he shot a gun into the air. He was soon arrested and taken to a center for juvenile offenders. He hated being there, but loved going to see the band at the center play everyday. When he got the chance to go play in the band, he quickly did. He first started out playing the Alto Horn then moved to the drums and finally ending up with the trumpet. Two years later at the age of fourteen he was released from the center. He went out and got jobs to help get him to be able to afford an instrument. His jobs included, selling papers, unloading boats, and selling coal from a cart. On his off times he would go around to clubs like the Funky Butt Hall to listen to bands play. A jazz musician named King Oliver saw him and was impressed at his attendance at so many of the local clubs that he inquired of him as to if he wanted to learn to play the cornet. Armstrong said yes. He picked it up very quickly and soon was playing in bands for people that were absent. This soon lead to him starting his own band. This was all at the age of seventeen. Armstrong played with his band, known as Louis Armstrong Hot 5 or Hot 7, for two years and then King Oliver went to Chicago. Armstrong took a spot in Kid Ory’s orchestra one of the biggest known bands in the town. He played on the riverboats on the Mississippi River and got better at playing. All this without even knowing how to read music. While on the riverboat he was taught to read music which would help him out greatly later, when he became a band conductor. In 1922 he was called to Chicago by King Oliver. After arriving he made a change t... ... modern classical music. Contemporary classical composers like Darius Milhaud and Igor Stravinsky emulated much of Armstrong's work. In addition, Armstrong left his mark on other aspects of American culture as his fascinating personality truly influenced a nation. Armstrong's legacy can be traced into "dance, theater, the visual arts, fashion, poetry, and literature." Nobody has done more for jazz than Louis Armstrong. His contributions, influence, and legacy are immeasurable. Louis Armstrong truly is the jazz legend. As fellow trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie points out, "If it weren't for him, there wouldn't be any of us." When there is someone who beats all the odds to come out on top and shows you that you can do anything if you really want to. You probably will call them a hero. Hero doesn’t just mean saving lives and helping people that are in danger of dying, it can also be someone who makes you believe that you can do anything that you can imagine. Louie Armstrong helped lots of black people know that just because of their color, it didn’t mean that they couldn’t be one of the most famous people in the world.

Chapter

Why? Found it really interesting that Gerry had Stan tell so many early recollections in a row without spending time talking about them individually. This technique makes sense so that the stories form a pattern, but it was surprising to me. The most interesting aspect of the early recollections that Stan spoke of, was that he felt that all the past memories were not as emotional as the one with the kitten. I would have expected being yelled at in very memory would have been a saddening realization.But, the memories, other than the one about the kitten, were ones he had already thought about prior to the session, so maybe he had already processed the emotions of them in a way. If you were counseling Stan from this particular theoretical framework, what is one additional technique you might use? What would you hope to accomplish with this intervention? I would have encouraged Stan to make the connection of his memories of his parents being all filled with anxiety and yelling, and ask if those memories reflect anything in his current relationship with them.If you were the client, how would you be likely to respond to the therapist's (Jersey's) comments and interventions in this particular session? If I were Stan would have been very interested in the connections between my early memories and my present life. I would be exited to write down more memories in hopes of finding even more connections to current views, thoughts, or habits. Connections, like these, are fascinating. Chapter After the plague had already been unleashed in Europe, one of the first reactions was people believing that God had unleashed the deadly disease, as depicted in Giovanni Ceramic's (Doc 3) illustration of angels, coming down from the heavens, delivering their arrows of death unto the people. Sarcasms acknowledges that some people were able to escape the arrow of the Black Death in the description of his illustration. As an apothecary, it makes sense hat he views the plague as being delivered by arrows, because normally disease does not affect everyone.Disease, like arrows bypass those who are immune and strike those that are not immune. Another depiction of the plague by an anonymous source (Doc 6) illustrates that a divine entity was delivering the plague to those on earth. The common belief that God caused the plague shows how many people were religious and believed in God and thought that He was punishing them. An alternate view of the plague was blame. Many people blamed the Jews, hill others blamed God and beat themselves in hopes of God intervening. Biochip (Doc 2) discusses that people would torture themselves, the Flagellants, in hopes of God's mercy.This response to the plague was very erratic but somewhat logical because even though they beat themselves, it was for a reason, a call for God's help. With a humanistic point of view, Biochip believes that there is a more scientific approach to conquering the plague instead of hoping God will come down from the heavens and intervene and help the Flagellants. On the other hand, many people blamed the Jews, for instance when they were cremated in Strasbourg, Germany on Valentine's Day (Doc 7) where the Jews were alleged to have poisoned the water supply, in which case they were all burned.This response was made out of hatred, the Jews were a scapegoat because no one really knew how the plague came to be. Many people acted angrily and erratically in hopes Of ending the plague which ended in even more death. Th e Black Plague had a major effect on the population in Europe at the time it ravaged through the continent. The pre-plague population (Doc 9) in Europe was approximately 83 million, but after the plague ran its course, the population subsequently decreased to 60 million.The plague had a major pros and cons to it. A pro would be the fact that it led to the Renaissance Era; while a con would be the major loss of life in Europe. The most popular place of death or where most people died (Doc 8) would be the Holy Roman Empire followed by France. The significance of the amount of death in these two areas is important because it allows us to recognize that these two areas had he worst overpopulation, living conditions, famine, or economic depression over all of Europe.Even though the plague was a traumatic and insane experience for those who lived through the Bubonic Plague, but without the plague, perhaps the most important era that led to the spread of information, knowledge, and prosper ity. People today are able to look how people during the plague responded to disease and now are able to use their reactions to guide future reactions and help resolve the problems people faced back then. Chapter State diagram shows the states of the objects and how those states change. Sequence diagram only shows the message interactions among the objects. 4. Mention and describe three different views used in architectural design. Architectural design is a high level view of the system. It can be described with: logical view : represents the decomposition of a system and how those parts work with each other physical architectural view: represents the mapping of the software to the hardware process view: represents the run- time â€Å"processes† and flow of the system. 5.What is the difference between data modeling and logical data base design? In data modeling we are instructing and showing the Entity-Relationship among the objects. In logical data base design, the E-R diagram is converted to the sets of tables and relationships among the tables. 6. What is the difference between low fidelity prototypes and high fidelity prototypes? Low fidelity prototypes are quick hand drawn screens using markers, post-it notes, post cards, and/or cut out images to represent the screens of the system. Simple mockup sketch of the target product.High fidelity prototypes are screens created using a tool to design the screens. These screens look and mimic the behavior of the future screens of the system. An example of a tool is visual basic with the use of hide and show. Detailed mockup resembling and behaving close to the final product. 7. Discuss Figure 7. 26 with regard to the user's interaction; the screen's interaction; and the system's interaction (process). The user sees the Registration Screen for the Spring 2012, using the drop box â€Å"All Courses† they would select a course and click the button â€Å"Add Course†.The screen would show the representation seen at the top of Figure 7. 26 initially. This screen would react to the user's usage of the drop box (showing a scrollable list of he available courses and showing the course selected). When the user has selected a course and clicked â€Å"Add Course' the screen would send the information to the registration and when the Registration returns success it would show the second screen in Figure 7. 26. The system's interaction shown in Figure 7. 26 begins with the Registrations object passing the registration information to the section object.This section object needs to check if the student has the prerequisites for the course. If the Boolean returned is True then the message Add(student) is sent to students object. Note: another sequence diagram would represent Boolean = False. 8. Explain â€Å"Adding a course† from section 7. 3. 4. 1 using Normal's 7 Stage Model. 1 Form a goal -? add Engle 201 1 – The user (student) forms the goal â€Å"l need to add Engle 2011 to my schedule†. 2 Form an intention – find Engle 201 1 The user (student) forms the intention on the screen shown in 7. 26 to find Engle 201 1 in the drop box. Specify the action – mouse can show courses in the drop box – The user will decide to use the mouse to click and hold open the drop box and move the mouse down until he/she sees the Engle 2011 course. Execute the action – The user moves the mouse to the arrow in the drop box and clicks when he/she is on the arrow of the drop box. 5 Perceive the system state (feedback) – he/she sees the drop box open with multiple courses in a list. 6 Interpret the feedback – he/she sees the Engle 201 1 7 Evaluate – because the user sees the course they evaluate â€Å"Success† to their intention.Note: They would continue with the next intention to click â€Å"Add Course†. 9. List the four components of the GYMS model for user interfaces. The 4 factors of GYMS model are : Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection Rules 10. Explain how the Model-View-controller architectural style is done using HTML-Script-SQL. The Model-View-Controller (MFC) architectural style is done with HTML as t he View of the system and SQL as a database. The database has the model of the system. PH is the script used as the controller for the system. Chapter 8: 1 .Question: What are the two general characteristics of a design that naturally carry over from requirements? Answer: The design is an evolution from requirements. So the two general characteristics of a) consistency and b) completeness of requirements usually carry over to the design. 2. Question: What is Menace's climatic complexity number a) attempting to measure, and b) what is the climatic complexity number of a program A that contains 3 binary predicates (or branches)? Answer: a) Menace's climatic complexity number measures the control flow complexity of software. ) Using the simple formula of (#if binary branches + 1), the climatic number of program A is (3+1 ) or 4. 3. Question: What is a program slice? Answer: A program slice is the set of statements that can affect the value of some specified variable of interest in the program. 4. Question: What are glue tokens and super glue tokens, and which type nutrients more to cohesion? Answer: Glue tokens are data tokens that lie in more than one data-slice, and super glue tokens are data tokens that lie in every data-slice. The super glue tokens contribute more to cohesion because they lie in every data slice. 5. Question: What is software cohesion?Answer: Cohesion is a characteristic that describes the degree of relatedness within the software. 6. Question: What are the levels of cohesion? Answer: There are 7 levels of cohesion listed in the order of worst to best: coincidental, logical, temporal, procedural, communicational, sequential, and national. 7. Question: What is software coupling? Answer: Coupling is a characteristic that describes the degree of interdependence or interaction among the parts within the software. 8. Question: What are the levels of coupling? Answer: There are 5 levels of coupling listed in the order of worst to best: content, com mon, control, stamp, and data. . Question: What are the six design measurements of C-K metrics in 00? Answer: They are a) weighted number of methods per class, b) depth of inheritance tree of the class, c) number of children of a class, d) coupling between objects, e) number of espouses to a class message, and f) lack of cohesion among methods in a class 10. Question: In contrast to general design, what is user interface design interested in? Answer: The general software design is concerned about the software components, their characteristics and their interactions.User interface design is focused on the interaction between the software and its human users; thus both software and human attributes are of concern in user interface design. 1 1 . Question: List four out of the eight rules of user interface design identified by Seminarian and Pleasant. Answer: There are actually 8: a) consistency, b) roved short cuts, c) informative feedback, d) closure in dialogues, e) simple error hand ling and prevention, f) permit â€Å"re-do†, g) support locus of control, h) reduce the amount of short-term memory needs. Any four of the eight would be fine. 12.Question: What are the general cohesion and coupling goals when designing software? Answer: We strive for lesser or looser coupling of software, and we design for stringer or tighter cohesion. 13. Question: What is the Law of Demeter attempting to achieve? Answer: Law of Demeter is a set of guiding rules that limits the span of control of an object y restricting the messaging structure among methods of a class. Through these restrictions it is conjectured that we can reduce coupling and enhance cohesion. 14. Question: What is fan-in and fan-out, and what attribute do they measure?Answer: Fan-in is a measure of number of information flow into a module or component. Fan-out is the number of information flow out of a module. An example of fan-in for module-x would be the number of modules that call module-x and for fan -out of module-x would be the number of modules that are called by module-x. Thus fan-in and fan-out measure the coupling attribute among modules. Chapter 9: 1. Question: is the act of transforming the detailed design into a valid program in some programming language. Answer: Implementation. 2. Question: List 3 desirable characteristics of a good implementation.Answer: Readability; maintainability; performance; traceability; correctness; completeness. 3. Question: True or False? : The most important issues for maintaining a good coding style are: to be consistent and to try to highlight the meaning of your code. Answer: True. 4. Question: You should choose longer names for local variables or entities, but can use shorter ones for global variables or entities. Answer: False. 5. Question: List 3 of the types of code comments described in the book. Answer: Repeat of the code; explanation of the code; marker in the code; summary of the code; description of the code intent; external refe rences. Chapter In 1 966 the gate ticket revenues mainly paid for player's wages and with the commercial television of Ames global audiences and fan bases grew. In 2009 clubs such as real Madrid, Manchester united and Barcelona became lucrative deals for investors. However, the investment model for football clubs changed and many investors started leveraging the investments through massive amounts of debt. Many clubs in the UK were public limited companies and were listed on the stock exchange but recently many have been brought into private ownership again through private equity.Bankruptcies and corruption scandals have raised questions to whether many football clubs have been able to have a smooth transition into the repressions business world. A clubs livelihood is directly related to their fan base (spectators, TV audiences, or consumers of merchandise) but over the past decade the average attendance to the English Premier League matches has stagnated and younger people have been wary to attend. With high prices for tickets, fans have been feeling alienated by the players' wages and TV scheduling has greatly fuelled the feeling that football is no longer a fan's game but a business oriented way of generating revenue for owners. Between 1 996 and 2006, the seventy-two clubs of the English Football League add a pre-tax loss of IEEE m; in comparison, the other leagues clubs, that were predominantly owned by fans, made Emma operating profit through higher attendance at lower ticket prices.Recently initiatives, such as Supporters Direct, have addressed the fans' interests more directly. They have also been involving themselves in various social projects in the community (usually addressing social exclusion, unemployment, or anti-social behavior). These clubs have created community schemes that often partner with fans, police, and local council. However, clubs such as Real Madrid and FCC Barcelona are member-owned, democratic, and not-for-profit organizations and have leaderships that are accountable to the people who watch and pay.The All party Parliamentary Football Group published three recommendations to improve governance in the industry, these included: A ‘fit and proper persons test' for the management and ownership of clubs Supporter-led governance and, Nurture Eng domestic talent. With these recommendations given, a Stewardship Scorecard, developed by CAR think-tank tomorrow's company, ranked clubs on various criteria such as putting the club first' and â€Å"engagement with fans and the community'. Overall football is still dependent on a constant fan base since they are far less likely to switch allegiances due to poor performance.Ethical Dilemma: Who cares whose shares? 1. What is the main ethical issues in this case? The main issue is whether or not you should tell Freddie to sell his shares of Parchment (PC) because there will be a report published in Big Science magazine that could effect that shares negatively. This is considered insi der trading and is illegal. There are four main ethical arguments that used against insider: fairness, misappropriation to property, harm to investors and the market and undermining of fiduciary relationships (Crane & Matted, 2010).By telling Freddie, you would be giving himself and his clients an unfair advantage over other investors, he would also give up information of PC's privately documented information and knowledge without PC knowing meaning that he is BPCS property is being shared without knowledge. Harm would come to investors and the market because if everyone of Fireside's linens decide to sell their shares then other investors' stocks would decrease and leave others, including the company, wondering why the stocks dropped so much before the release of the report.Your fiduciary responsibility to the company and other shareholders should be one of the most important things since you are an employee of PC as well. 2. Who are the main stakeholders here, and how would you co mpare the relative importance of their stakes? The main stakeholders in the company are the shareholders the employees that don't have shares and the product users. From a humanitarian respective, the product users, whose health and safety are at risk by using product, would be considered the most important stakeholder, and then followed by the employees and then shareholders.From the business aspect the shareholders are the main stakeholders and then the employees and the product users would equally important. This is because the company will most likely not notice a change if a small amount of customers stop using the product. 3. Explain how you would ultimately decide and why. Would not tell Freddie about it because I would rather have a friend mad at e then to end up going to jail/be fined for insider trading by the company. Loud also not tell him because if it were to get out then my reputation for good work habits and judgment would be affected if I ever looked for another job or wanted to be promoted within PC. 4. Is there a difference between acting yourself on the information you were given and passing this information on to Freddie. Yes there is a difference because you aren't sharing company information with anyone so if you do end up selling your shares, and the stocks do not go own, then you would only be hurting yourself and not effecting other investors. Chapter Emancipation Proclamation announcement made by president Lincoln during the Civil War; emancipated all black slaves in States still engaged in rebellion against Union; went into affect January 1, 1863. Fort Sumter – a fort located in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina; the location of the start of the Civil War. George B. McClellan – commander of the Army of the Potomac and general of the war. Gettysburg a battle of which was fought from July 1-3, 1863; Lee withdrew from this battle July 4th (the same day as the surrender of Vicksburg). Greenbacks – paper currency.Homestead Act – allowed citizen (or prospective) to claim 1 60 acres and buy it or a small price after 5 years of living on it. Jefferson Davis – the â€Å"president† of confederacy; was unsuccessful; rarely provided any leadership. March to the Sea – sixty mile wide swath of desolation across Georgia; Sherman left Atlanta and destroyed towns and plantations through Georgia, S outh Carolina, and North Carolina. Morris Land Grant Act – transferred substantial public accuracy to state governments to sell and profits went to public education. Robert E. Lee – opposed secession; left US army to lead confederate forces.Shiloh – Grant, with new troops, recovered and forced Beauregard to withdraw; union victory. Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson – confederate army leader; defeated 2 union armies by charging course suddenly and slipped away. Ulysses S. Grant – constant, unrelenting assault (military); willing to fight when others wouldn't; presided over some of the worst carnage. US Sanitary Commission – organization of volunteers led by Dorothy Dig that embroiled large numbers of female nurses to serve in field hospitals. William Outcomes Sherman – led â€Å"march to the sea†; â€Å"war is all hell†; war should be as horrible and costly for the opponent.Questions: 1 . (Chart is on notebook paper attached) 2. Out Carolina- Deck. 20, 1860 Mississippi- Jan. 9, 1861 Florida- Jan. 10, 1861 Alabama- Jan. 19, 1861 Georgia- Jan. 19, 1861 Louisiana- Jan. 26, 1861 Texas- Feb.. 1, 1861 Virginia- April 17, 1861 Arkansas- May 6, 1861 North Carolina- May 20, 1861 Tennessee- June 2, 1861 3. The Accredited Compromise included 6 amendments and 4 congressional resolutions to guarantee permanent slavery. He did this in order to avoid war. 4. Lincoln did what he did in order to not be the first party of the war to take action. He did it to also escape the situation they'd been trapped in for several months. . 6. The National Bank Act of 1 865 established a system of national banks of which eventually developed the banking system we have today. It was important because it encouraged a national currency. 7. From the beginning, it was expected to be a short and low funding war. Walt that being said, the initial (first) war funded by borrowing but eventually realized that it was much more, so they created the Revenue Act of 1862 which increased taxes drastically including federal income taxes which infuriated supporters Of the war. 8. The government raised the majority of it's money by Revenue tax stamps. . The majority of the Northern nation was not supportive at all; riots occasionally occurred. They saw these laws to be an intrusion of privacy and a violation of one's sovereignty. 10. One could avoid by buying their way out of being drafted, or even substitute themselves with another member of their household. 11. Lincoln considered certain parts of the constitution to be â€Å"inconvenient,† in turn often ignoring those specific portions and did what he thought needed be done rather than consulting with congress as to what the constitution states and/or implies should be done. 12.The peace democrats ere a group of people of which believed the North pushed the South to secession. They also believed Lincoln was a tyrant and that the war was a national tragedy. This group was present in the mid-west section of the US including Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. 13. A. ) He justified the suspension by claiming it was in respect of those arrested. B. ) Everyone' rights were affected as it limited citizens to have an opinion that wasn't supporting the government. 14. Chief Justice Tangy issued this writ, or formal written order, requiring him to release an imprisoned Maryland secessionist leader. Lincoln swaggered this request. 5. The Confiscation Act declared that all slaves that were used for â€Å"insurrectionist† purposes would be considered freed. The second Confiscation Act declared to free the slaves of the persons aiding and us porting the insurrection (regardless of if the slaves were doing so) and also authorized the president to employ African Americans, including freed slaves, as soldiers. As a result, with the progression of the war, the North grew to be more accepting Of emancipation. By the end Of the Civil War, slavery had been abolished i n two Union slave states and in three Confederate dates occupied by Union forces. 16.The Emancipation Proclamation was the war power act Pres. Lincoln issued on Jan. 1, 1863. This act declared forever free slaves in all areas of the Confederacy aside from those already under Union control (Tennessee, western Virginia, and southern Louisiana). It also did no apply to border slave states. 17. Slaves were often taken from their designated plantations and transported to the front, escaping Northern lines, unable to be returned to their masters. Some slaves joined the Union army, while others stayed with troops to flee to free states. Antislavery impulse gained strength, regardless of the act's inability to affect certain areas. 8. About 1 86,000 emancipated African Americans served as soldiers, sailors, and laborers for the Union forces. It was only the first few months of the war that African Americans were widely excluded. They were treated very poorly. Many died from disease due to w orking in unsanitary conditions for arduous hours. Black soldiers were paid a third less in comparison to white soldiers, as well. 19. Women were often put in nursing positions whether it'd been by choice or necessity. They also worked as retail sales clerks, office workers, and mill & factory hands.Shallowness' wives often became responsible for managing slave work forces; the wives Of more modest farmers plowed fields and harvested crops. These were all positions previously dominated by men. 20. Although there were several significant exceptions, the Federal government and the Confederate government were very similar (These exceptions included the acknowledgment of the sovereignty of the individual states, and the sanctioning of slavery [of which made abolition nearly impossible]). 21 . The region focused so intensely on producing cotton and other export crops.The departure of so many white males severely diminished the region's ability to maintain food production. Copious amounts of doctors were conscripted to serve the needs of the military, of which left many communities without any medical care. In effect, the South experienced shortages of everything. Because of this, along with inflation, there was a major instability in Southern society. Resistance to conscription, food impressments, and taxation increased throughout the Confederacy, as well as hoarding and black-market monomer. 22. While raising their armies, many more white Southerners were exempted from military service than Northerners.Conscription was successful for a period of time. Although, after 1862, conscription began to produce fewer men. In early 1864, the government experienced a shortage of manpower. At this time, situations called for desperate measures; the Confederate congress began drafting men as young as 1 7 and as old as 50. 23. The North's economy was strengthened, thus increasing industry and railroad development. The South's was weakened because of millions of Lars worth of pr operty being destroyed and the region's young male population having depleted. 24.The production of weapons was more efficient due to technological advances. Weapons were also stronger and more powerful. 25. A. ) The first battle occurred on July 21, 1861. This battle nearly succeeded in dispersing the Confederate forces, but was unable due to the Southerners taking action in stopping a last strong Union assault and performing a savage counterattack. As a result, the Confederates retreated in an unrecognized manner. When disorganized, as the Union forces were by feat with a short of supplies and transportation, the Confederates did not pursue.Because of this battle, the Union's morale and the president's confidence in his officers were destroyed. B. ) The battle of Animate began on September 17. Mescaline's 87,000-man army attacked Lee's force of 50,000. 6,000 soldiers died, and 1 7,000 sustained injuries. At the end of the day, as the Confederate line seemed ready to break, the las t of Jackson's troops arrived to reinforce it. McClellan then allowed Lee to retreat to Virginia. This battle only lasted one day. C. ) There were complications for the Union forces n the East, but important victories occurred in the West.Grant moved his his and supplies to an area south of the city. He then attacked Vicksburg from the rear. Vicksburg surrendered 6 weeks later on July 4, due to the fact that residents were starving as a result of a prolonged siege. D. ) Lee attacked Mead's army once they were perched on the hills south of the town. Lee's forces Were outnumbered 75,000 to 90,000 and his assault On the Union forces on Cemetery Ridge failed. The next day he ordered a second, larger effort. 1 5,000 Confederates advanced nearly a mile while being swept by Union fire. Chapter First Pages editor of the Harvard Business Review, noted that organizations must also undergo significant efforts to protect their human capital. A firm may â€Å"diversify the ownership of vital knowledge by emphasizing teamwork, guard against obsolescence by developing learning programs, and shackle key people with golden handcuffs. â€Å"23 In addition, people are less likely to leave an organization if there are effective structures to promote teamwork and information sharing, strong leadership that encourages innovation, and cultures that demand excellence and ethical behavior.Such issues are central to this chapter. Although we touch on these issues throughout this chapter, we provide more detail in later chapters. We discuss organizational controls (culture, rewards, and boundaries) in Chapter 9, organization structure and design in Chapter 10, and a variety of leadership and entrepreneurship topics In Chapters 11 and 12. Human Capital: The Foundation of Intellectual Capital Organizations must recruit talented people?employees at all levels with the proper sets of skills and capabilities coupled with the right values and attitudes.Such skills and attitudes must be continually developed, strengthened, and reinforced, and each employee must be motivated and her efforts focused on the organization's goals and objectives. 24 The rise to prominence of knowledge workers as a vital source of competitive advantage is changing the balance of power in today's organization. Knowledge workers place professional development and personal enrichment (financial and otherwise) above company loyalty. Attracting, recruiting, and hiring the â€Å"best and the brightest,† Is a critical first step in the process of building intellectual capital.How to Lure Gene Y Workers? Commonly. Com, August 17: NP; Mantilla. 2007. How Going Green Draws Talent, Cut Costs. Wall Street Journal, November 13: BIO; and, O'Dell, A. M. 2007. Working for the Earth: Green Companies and Gree n Jobs Attract Employees. Www. Socializing . Com, 4. 1 environmental responsibility when it recruits on campuses. It showcases the company's new corporate headquarters, in Measuring, Ohio, that uses 28 percent to 39 percent less energy than a standard office building and is furnished with environmentally friendly materials.Says Nephew CEO Mark Sunny, â€Å"At the end of the day, we are competing with everyone else for the best talent, and this is a generation that is very concerned with the environment. † To meet the growing demand for students interested in working for green companies, Nonstarters, a unit of the giant employment firm Monster. Com, launched Greengrocers. It was the first online recruitment service that focuses on green employment. Econometrical and the Environmental Defense Fund, two environmental nonprofits, are adding their expertise in partnership with Nonstarters. Econometrical approached Nonstarters to create Greengrocers because there is an urgent need to reach and educate environmentally ‘agnostic' audiences, in this case college students, about the ways they can address climate change and other serious environmental problems,† claims Mark Cockroach, vice president and general manager at Nonstarters. Environmental sustainability To illustrate such interdependence, poor hiring impedes the effectiveness of development and retention processes. In a similar vein, ineffective retention efforts place additional burdens on hiring and development.Consider the following anecdote, provided by Jeffrey Prefer of the Stanford University Business School: Not long ago, I went to a large, fancy San Francisco law firm?where they treat their associates like dog do and where the turnover is very high. I asked the managing partner about the turnover rate. He said, â€Å"A few years ago, it was 25 percent, and now we're up to 30 percent. I asked him how the firm had responded to that trend. He said, â€Å"We increased our recruiting. â €  So I asked him, â€Å"What kind of doctor would you be if your patient was bleeding faster and faster, and your only response was to increase the speed of the transfusion? 29 Clearly, stepped-up recruiting is a poor substitute for weak retention. Although there are no simple, easy-to-apply answers, we can learn from what leading-edge firms are doing to attract, develop, and retain human capital in today's highly competitive marketplace. 30 Before moving on, Strategy Spotlight 4. 1 addresses the importance of firm's â€Å"green† or environmental sustainability strategy in attracting young talent. Deserted chic 118-155. Tend 124 Attracting Human Capital All we can do is bet on the people we pick. So my whole Job is picking the right people.Jack Welch, former chairman, General Electric Company 31 The first step in the process of building superior human capital is input control: attracting and selecting the right person. Human resource professionals often approach employee selection from a â€Å"lock and key' mentality?that is, fit a key (a Job candidate) into a lock (the Job). Such an approach involves a thorough analysis of the errors and the Job. Only then can the right decision be made as to how well the two will fit together. How can you fail, the theory goes, if you get a precise match of knowledge, ability, and skill profiles?Frequently, however, the precise matching approach places its emphasis on task-specific skills (e. G. , motor skills, specific information processing capabilities, and communication skills) and puts less emphasis on the broad general knowledge and experience, social skills, values, beliefs, and attitudes of employees. Many have questioned the precise matching approach. They argue that firms can identify top performers by focusing on key employee mind-sets, attitudes, social skills, and general orientations. If they get these elements right, the task-specific skills can be learned quickly. This does not imply, however, th at task-specific skills are unimportant; rather, it suggests that the requisite skill sets must be viewed as a necessary but not sufficient condition. ) This leads us to a popular phrase today and serves as the title of the next section. â€Å"Hire for Attitude, Train for Skill† Organizations are increasingly emphasizing general knowledge and experience, social skills, values, beliefs, and attitudes of employees. 32 Consider Southwest Airlines' hiring practices, which focus on employee values and attitudes. Given its strong team orientation, Southwest uses an â€Å"indirect† approach.For example, the interviewing team asks a group of employees to prepare a five- minute presentation about themselves. During the presentations, interviewers observe which candidates enthusiastically support their peers and which candidates focus on polishing their own presentations while the others are presenting. 33 The roomer are, of course, favored. Alan Cooper, president of Cooper Soft ware, Inc. , in Palo Alto, California, goes further. He cleverly uses technology to hone in on the problem- solving ability of his applicants and their attitudes before an interview even takes place.He has devised a â€Å"Bozo Filter,† an online test that can be applied to any industry. Before you spend time on whether Job candidates will work out satisfactorily, find out how their minds work. Cooper advised, â€Å"Hiring was a black see our test. It's a self-administering bozo filter. â€Å"34 How does it work? The online test asks questions designed to see how prospective employees approach provisioning tasks. For example, one key question asks software engineer applicants to design a table-creation software program for Microsoft Word. Candidates provide pencil sketches and a description of the new user interface.Another question used for design communicators asks them to develop a marketing strategy for a new touch- tone phone?directed at consumers in the year 1850. Cand idates e-mail their answers back to the company, and the answers are circulated around the firm to solicit feedback. Only candidates with the highest marks get interviews. Sound Recruiting Approaches and Networking Companies that take hiring seriously must also take recruiting seriously. The number of Jobs that successful knowledgeableness companies must fill is astonishing.Ironically, many companies still have no shortage of applicants. For example, Google, ranked fourth on Fortune's 2009 â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work For,† still attracts 777,000 applicants a year?even though hiring has slowed. 35 The challenge becomes having the right Job candidates, not the greatest number of them. Resources 125 Deserted chic 118-155. And 125 11/11/09 PM GE Medical Systems, which builds CT scanners and magnetic resonance imaging (MR.) systems, relies extensively on networking. They have found that current employees are the best source for new ones.Recently, Steven Potshot, head of staff ing and leadership development, made a few simple changes to double the number of referrals. First, he simplified the process?no complex forms, no bureaucracy, and so on. Second, he increased incentives. Everyone referring a qualified candidate received a gift certificate from Sears. For referrals who were hired, the â€Å"bounty' increases to $2,000. Although this may sound like a lot of money, it is â€Å"peanuts† compared to the $1 5,000 to $20,000 fees that GE typically pays to headhunters for each person hired. 6 Also, when someone refers a former colleague or friend for a Job, his or her credibility is on the line. Thus, employees will be careful in recommending people for employment unless they are reasonably confident that these people are good candidates. This provides a good â€Å"screen† for the firm in deciding whom to hire. Hiring the right people makes things a lot easier: fewer rules and regulations, less need for monitoring and hierarchy, and greater i nitialization f organizational norms and objectives. Consider some of the approaches that retire, people in this demographic group are becoming more and more important in today's workforce.We also provide some â€Å"tips† on how to get hired. We address these issues in Exhibit 4. 3. Developing Human Capital It is not enough to hire top-level talent and expect that the skills and capabilities of those employees remain current throughout the duration of their employment. Rather, training and development must take place at all levels of the organization. 37 For example, Selection assembles printed circuit boards and other components for TTS Silicon Valley clients. 38 Its employees receive an average of 95 hours of company- provided training each year.Chairman Winston Chem. observed, â€Å"Technology changes so fast that we estimate 20 percent of an engineer's knowledge becomes obsolete each year. Training is an obligation we owe to our employees. If you want high growth and hig h quality, then training is a big part of the equation. † Although the financial returns on training may be hard to calculate, most experts believe it is essential. One company that has calculated the benefit from training is Motorola. Every dollar spent on training returns $30 in productivity gains over the following three years.In addition to training and developing human capital, firms must encourage widespread involvement, monitor and track employee development, and evaluate human capital. 39 Encouraging Widespread Involvement Developing human capital requires the active involvement of leaders at all levels. It won't be successful if it is viewed only as the responsibility of the human resources department. Each year at General Electric, 200 facilitators, 30 officers, 30 human resource executives, and many young managers actively participate in Gee's orientation program at Correlation, its training center outside New York City. Chapter A model Is an abstraction of a real system. True + False Question 2 2/ 2 points True or False? In a discrete-event simulation, an event is an interaction between objects in the system. Question 3 2/ 2 points True or False? Meteorologists often use multiple simulated models, which make different assumptions, to predict the weather. True* Question 4 2/ 2 points True or False? The most common application of computer graphics in modern operating systems is the graphical user interface. True+Question 5 2/ 2 points True or False? In computer graphics, knit cloth and woven cloth should move and drape In the same way. True False* Question 6 2/ 2 points Which of the following best describes a simulation in which the model is viewed at uniform time intervals? A) discrete-event b) concrete c) abstract e) continuous Question 7 2/ 2 points Which of the following best describes a model that represents a real environment, such as a flight simulator? A) time-driven b) discrete-event c) continuous d) concrete + e) abstractQuestion 8 2/ 2 points Which of the following best describes a simulation that expresses change in terms of a set of differential equations? A) concrete c) time-driven d) continuous + Question 9 2/ 2 points Which of the following describes the angle at which a human looks at a mirror? B) transposition vector c) normal vector d) reflection vector e) light vector Question 10 2/ 2 points Which of the following is NOT a game genre or a game submerge? A) strategy games b) life-simulation games c) role-playing games d) action games. Chapter Volcano erupting in Hawaii because Peel upset. Must make Peel happy to stop volcano. Names in Sociology Berger – seeing the general in the particular (making the familiar strange) Mills – Sociological Imagination comet (1837) Social physics / positivism Theological Metaphysical Human equality to what is going on in their life Scientific process to what is going on in their life All issues are happening because of a scientific process Harriet Martinets Female in a man's world Translated Comet' into English Early Feminist and very dominate Research methods Women's issues Father disowned her @ early age of 21Karl Marx Materialism Class conflict Philosopher Bi-polar Wrote about economic institutions of capitalism Market will control itself Excessive focus on materialism how the focus of stuff effects the relationship; managing works The essence of conflicts impacts institutions Max Weber 1 SST sociologist Suffered from severe depression How religion institution drive the ec onomic structure Persistent – research until you have understand what is going on Mile Druthers Statistics Social facts Number guy – census data collector Positivistic sociology Suicide Anomie Enormousness – loss of normalNot dependable George Simmer Urban sociology Study of structures of groups in cities (Group dynamics) Names in Sociology in the US Robert Park Father of Sociology Started the 1st dept. Of sociology in [email  protected] the Univac. Of Chicago Charles Cooley â€Å"looking-glass self† Your participation in groups is influenced on how people see you George Herbert Mead W. E. B.DUBIOUS 1st African American male to Received PhD from Harvard Expounded the NAACP Asked to teach sociology @ Atlanta University Developed the concept of â€Å"double consciousness† How people react differently with different situation Jane Addams Hull House Social worked Nobel prize (1931) Theories – Explain, Describe, Predict; Life structurally runs on theories Functionalism – what is the reason?Organism – How the human body works – made up of systems Manifest / latent Manifest function – positive outcome Latent function – positive or negative outcome Social consensus â€Å"reasons' Microbiology – Looking for big picture Conflict – Competing interest (limited goods), Societal driving force , Exists on all levels Initiates change Power Gender/age Political Economic Microbiology – generally concerned with social dynamics at a higher level of analysis Society functions on conflict Conflict is mostly about limited goods – Have / Have Not Conflict theory views society from exactly the opposite of perspective Conflict is good for society cause it represents change There has and always will be conflict between workers & entrepreneurs (I. E†¦. Why unions were created) Feminist Theory – Conflict model where gender is concerned / Political reform Symbolic Interac tions Interpretation of symbols Face to face interactions Creating reality Microbiology (Seeks to understand local international context) Max Weber Interpretive sociology Persistent Post Modernism: Sometimes part of all of the above theories Fast changing interactions Subjective / objective Given the pace of the world today, it is all of the above theories, embrace all Midrange Theory: Social institutions focus Booker T Washington W. E.B Dubious Civil Rights Institutions are a very strong influence on groups behavior Attempt to predict how certain social institutions tend to function Sociology Connect to History (events, social change) Anthropology (study of culture) Psychology (social psychology) Political science (power governmental institution) Example: Explain Marriage with man duties vs.. Male duties Functionalism – because that is how they were raised or taught Conflict – males w/ more power Feminist – more women working to gain more power Symbolic  œ the two parties setting ground rules with each other regarding whom does what CHAPTER 2 How do sociologist due what they do?Majority & Minority in a group (in/out group) Social Networks – relations held together by ties (stories), strength of ties, structural ole (kinship gap), lack of communication on each side of hole (Ebay) Social Capital – pre-existing knowledge a person has that helps them enter network value you have that makes you socially interested to the group may be going down due to loose connections, less family togetherness, fewer group vacations, decreased civic engagement Network Analysis (social relationships) – epidemiology, teenage sex networks (hook-up {in tie}, virginity pledges {outside tie}) organization – legal, multiple secondary group, common purpose, boundaries between members (govern behaviors overpayment policy / group structure – immigration (1921 / Hart-cellar Act, 1965) organizational culture – shared belief s/behaviors organizational structure – structure with power / authority distribution interlocking directorates – mega – corporations institutional isomorphism – forced sameness of corporations in similar environments – airline ticket prices Chapter 6 – Social Deviance US incarceration rate: . 75% (2. 3 million), 25% of world – criminal Justice (formal deviance).Formal deviance is and expensive proposition because up keep and personal and a lot of time and energy. Social deviance – transgression of social norms {where, when, who (power)} knowing there is a norm out there and you are willing fully violate it relative to where you did it, when you did it, and who saw you do it informal – no societal level consequence – without serious repercussions but could be prolonged formal – with serious repercussions most of your life is filled with informal deviance and informal social control Social control device â₠¬â€œ bring back norm normative compliance – best social control device in society, by complying with all the norms both formal and informal Druthers (functionalism) – social cohesion (bonds), Chapter Chapter State diagram shows the states of the objects and how those states change. Sequence diagram only shows the message interactions among the objects. 4. Mention and describe three different views used in architectural design. Architectural design is a high level view of the system. It can be described with: logical view : represents the decomposition of a system and how those parts work with each other physical architectural view: represents the mapping of the software to the hardware process view: represents the run- time â€Å"processes† and flow of the system. 5.What is the difference between data modeling and logical data base design? In data modeling we are instructing and showing the Entity-Relationship among the objects. In logical data base design, the E-R diagram is converted to the sets of tables and relationships among the tables. 6. What is the difference between low fidelity prototypes and high fidelity prototypes? Low fidelity prototypes are quick hand drawn screens using markers, post-it notes, post cards, and/or cut out images to represent the screens of the system. Simple mockup sketch of the target product.High fidelity prototypes are screens created using a tool to design the screens. These screens look and mimic the behavior of the future screens of the system. An example of a tool is visual basic with the use of hide and show. Detailed mockup resembling and behaving close to the final product. 7. Discuss Figure 7. 26 with regard to the user's interaction; the screen's interaction; and the system's interaction (process). The user sees the Registration Screen for the Spring 2012, using the drop box â€Å"All Courses† they would select a course and click the button â€Å"Add Course†.The screen would show the representation seen at the top of Figure 7. 26 initially. This screen would react to the user's usage of the drop box (showing a scrollable list of he available courses and showing the course selected). When the user has selected a course and clicked â€Å"Add Course' the screen would send the information to the registration and when the Registration returns success it would show the second screen in Figure 7. 26. The system's interaction shown in Figure 7. 26 begins with the Registrations object passing the registration information to the section object.This section object needs to check if the student has the prerequisites for the course. If the Boolean returned is True then the message Add(student) is sent to students object. Note: another sequence diagram would represent Boolean = False. 8. Explain â€Å"Adding a course† from section 7. 3. 4. 1 using Normal's 7 Stage Model. 1 Form a goal -? add Engle 201 1 – The user (student) forms the goal â€Å"l need to add Engle 2011 to my schedule†. 2 Form an intention – find Engle 201 1 The user (student) forms the intention on the screen shown in 7. 26 to find Engle 201 1 in the drop box. Specify the action – mouse can show courses in the drop box – The user will decide to use the mouse to click and hold open the drop box and move the mouse down until he/she sees the Engle 2011 course. Execute the action – The user moves the mouse to the arrow in the drop box and clicks when he/she is on the arrow of the drop box. 5 Perceive the system state (feedback) – he/she sees the drop box open with multiple courses in a list. 6 Interpret the feedback – he/she sees the Engle 201 1 7 Evaluate – because the user sees the course they evaluate â€Å"Success† to their intention.Note: They would continue with the next intention to click â€Å"Add Course†. 9. List the four components of the GYMS model for user interfaces. The 4 factors of GYMS model are : Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection Rules 10. Explain how the Model-View-controller architectural style is done using HTML-Script-SQL. The Model-View-Controller (MFC) architectural style is done with HTML as t he View of the system and SQL as a database. The database has the model of the system. PH is the script used as the controller for the system. Chapter 8: 1 .Question: What are the two general characteristics of a design that naturally carry over from requirements? Answer: The design is an evolution from requirements. So the two general characteristics of a) consistency and b) completeness of requirements usually carry over to the design. 2. Question: What is Menace's climatic complexity number a) attempting to measure, and b) what is the climatic complexity number of a program A that contains 3 binary predicates (or branches)? Answer: a) Menace's climatic complexity number measures the control flow complexity of software. ) Using the simple formula of (#if binary branches + 1), the climatic number of program A is (3+1 ) or 4. 3. Question: What is a program slice? Answer: A program slice is the set of statements that can affect the value of some specified variable of interest in the program. 4. Question: What are glue tokens and super glue tokens, and which type nutrients more to cohesion? Answer: Glue tokens are data tokens that lie in more than one data-slice, and super glue tokens are data tokens that lie in every data-slice. The super glue tokens contribute more to cohesion because they lie in every data slice. 5. Question: What is software cohesion?Answer: Cohesion is a characteristic that describes the degree of relatedness within the software. 6. Question: What are the levels of cohesion? Answer: There are 7 levels of cohesion listed in the order of worst to best: coincidental, logical, temporal, procedural, communicational, sequential, and national. 7. Question: What is software coupling? Answer: Coupling is a characteristic that describes the degree of interdependence or interaction among the parts within the software. 8. Question: What are the levels of coupling? Answer: There are 5 levels of coupling listed in the order of worst to best: content, com mon, control, stamp, and data. . Question: What are the six design measurements of C-K metrics in 00? Answer: They are a) weighted number of methods per class, b) depth of inheritance tree of the class, c) number of children of a class, d) coupling between objects, e) number of espouses to a class message, and f) lack of cohesion among methods in a class 10. Question: In contrast to general design, what is user interface design interested in? Answer: The general software design is concerned about the software components, their characteristics and their interactions.User interface design is focused on the interaction between the software and its human users; thus both software and human attributes are of concern in user interface design. 1 1 . Question: List four out of the eight rules of user interface design identified by Seminarian and Pleasant. Answer: There are actually 8: a) consistency, b) roved short cuts, c) informative feedback, d) closure in dialogues, e) simple error hand ling and prevention, f) permit â€Å"re-do†, g) support locus of control, h) reduce the amount of short-term memory needs. Any four of the eight would be fine. 12.Question: What are the general cohesion and coupling goals when designing software? Answer: We strive for lesser or looser coupling of software, and we design for stringer or tighter cohesion. 13. Question: What is the Law of Demeter attempting to achieve? Answer: Law of Demeter is a set of guiding rules that limits the span of control of an object y restricting the messaging structure among methods of a class. Through these restrictions it is conjectured that we can reduce coupling and enhance cohesion. 14. Question: What is fan-in and fan-out, and what attribute do they measure?Answer: Fan-in is a measure of number of information flow into a module or component. Fan-out is the number of information flow out of a module. An example of fan-in for module-x would be the number of modules that call module-x and for fan -out of module-x would be the number of modules that are called by module-x. Thus fan-in and fan-out measure the coupling attribute among modules. Chapter 9: 1. Question: is the act of transforming the detailed design into a valid program in some programming language. Answer: Implementation. 2. Question: List 3 desirable characteristics of a good implementation.Answer: Readability; maintainability; performance; traceability; correctness; completeness. 3. Question: True or False? : The most important issues for maintaining a good coding style are: to be consistent and to try to highlight the meaning of your code. Answer: True. 4. Question: You should choose longer names for local variables or entities, but can use shorter ones for global variables or entities. Answer: False. 5. Question: List 3 of the types of code comments described in the book. Answer: Repeat of the code; explanation of the code; marker in the code; summary of the code; description of the code intent; external refe rences.