The Life Of Constantine, A Roman Emperor Of The Roman Empire

The life of Constantine, a Roman emperor from 306 to 337 AD, is explained by two different accounts that differ from each other. The first one that was written by Eusebius in 337 AD states that Constantine is a victorious, pious emperor who helps others and orders the construction of sacred places to honor Christ. The second account was written in 520 AD by Zosimus and it states that Constantine is an impious, arrogant and selfish emperor who is responsible of the Roman Empire’s collapse. Eusebius, a bishop, wrote a eulogy to honor Constantine upon his death in 337 AD. He pays his respect to Constantine by stating â€Å"all, indeed, with one voice and one mouth, declared that Constantine had appeared by the grace of God as a general blessing to mankind.† In this statement, Eusebius clearly emphasizes the importance that Constantine has in the Romans life, and how they all agree that in fact he is a good influence for the Romans. He also considers him as â€Å"the vict orious, the pious, the common benefactor† who helps people and worships God. Others characteristics about Constantine’s personality are depicted by Eusebius such as Constantine’s ambition and his goal oriented mind. He’s goal oriented personality is depicted when the author states, â€Å"(†¦) at the same time granting ample supplies of money, and commanding that the house of prayer worthy of the worship of God should be erected near the Saviour’s tomb on a scale of rich and royal greatness.† In this statement, is clearlyShow MoreRelatedChristianity And The Roman Empire979 Words   |  4 PagesSince the beginning of the Roman Empire, religion has always been a big influence in this state. Romans were polytheists believed in many Gods, they had the God of sun, moon, rain, etc†¦ But it was after the third century when Christianity started to form part and get a place in the Roman Empire. Christianity made a huge impact in Rome. Also , followers of this religion suffered from emperor’s thoughts and conclusion about Christianity. Furthermore, the Christians were in persecution for many years;Read MoreThe Battle Of Milvian Bridge1600 Words   |  7 PagesDiocletian’s inauguration as emperor in 284 A.D. managed to temporarily end the anarchy and reestablish peace and order in the Roman Empire, his unprecedented retirement as emperor 21 years later would establish a period of civil war amongst the Roman generals fighting for the throne. Eventually, only two Roman generals, Constantine and Maxentius respectively, were left fighting for the throne at Milvian Bridge. But the day before Constantine was due to fight Maxentius, Constantine claimed that after lookingRead MoreThe Rise Of The Century King Cyrus And Emperor Constantine1305 Words   |  6 Pagesand Emperor Constantine you will discover that these two historical leaders dramatically influenced the change of direction for Judaism and Christianity . There are some scholars who would argue that these two ruler’s conversions to god was not sincere and they were just political masterminds. Either way Cyrus and Constantine are two central figures in Judaism and Christianity, two of the world’s major organized religions. Cyrus and Constantine took over many lands and built their huge empires on aRead MoreRoman Civilization943 Words   |  4 PagesAt its height, the Roman Empire was the most powerful domain in the world. It was at its largest in the second century AD and it spread across three continents. This Empire had diverse languages and cultures. Nevertheless by the 3rd century A.D, Romans were on swift decline. This fast decline was caused by extreme changes in their civilization. The changes consisted of new leaders controlling the region, Rome becoming spilt up into two sections, and Christianity gaining all of religious control.Read MoreThe Rise Of The Century King Cyrus And Emperor Constantine1302 Words   |  6 PagesCyrus and Emperor Constantine you will discover that these to historical leaders dramatically influenced the change of direction for Judaism and Christianity. There are some scholars who would argue that these to ruler’s conversion to god was not sincere and they were just political masterminds. Either way Cyrus and Constantine are two central figures in Judaism and Christianity, two of the world’s major organized religions. Cyrus and Constantine took over many lands and built their huge empires on aRead MoreLife of Constantine1000 Words   |  4 Pages2013 Dr. Kletter Eusebius : Life of Constantine The Life of Constantine, written by Eusebius of Caesarea (260-339 C.E) is a story written in the memory of Constantine the Great. The tone somewhat seems to be giving high praise to Constantine commenting on the deeds of Constantine. Kevin Reilly states, â€Å"The emperor’s historian Eusebius recognized both the importance of the emperor and the role of the empire in the success of Christianity in the winning the Roman Empire†(246). Eusebius who is alsoRead MoreThe Religious Conversions of King Clovis I and Emperor Constantine I738 Words   |  3 Pagesconversion of Constantine I, nor as ground-breaking as that of Clovis I. Constantine I was born in the year 280. During his reign as emperor of the Roman Empire, the state was falling apart. 1 He was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. He called the Council of Nicea in 325 to resolve conflicts arising between the Arian Christians and the Athansian Christians. 2 This resulted in the canonization of Ath ansian Christianity, to which Constantine I converted his empire. 3Clovis I wasRead MoreRoman Empire And Christian Art1539 Words   |  7 Pagesmystery in the cities of Rome. Constantine is often credited with primarily introducing and converting the Roman empire to follow the christian faith. His rule brought about the conversion of citizens from different social standings. His religious influence culturally enriched christian art, adding different styles to the works of the greco- roman world. Combining the early abstraction of christian art and diminishing the use of roman imperial realism. Constantine s faith in christianity was foundedRead MoreConstantine And Christianity Of The Roman Empire1350 Words   |  6 PagesConstantine and Christianity in the Roman Empire Religion has always been an important force in the lives of common people. In the early centuries, Christianity was developing with a great influence to affect the Roman world. Constantine came to power in the Western provinces of the Roman Empire as an advocate of religious toleration. Constantine’s advocacy for religious toleration alongside his conversion marked a turning point of the Roman world and drove the spread Christianity. With Diocletian’sRead MoreA Military Officer At The Time1674 Words   |  7 PagesConstantine was born in Naissus, upper Moesia on February 27th 285 ad, and was the son of Helena who was a barmaid. His father Constantius Chlorus was a military officer at the time. In 293 AD, while his father constantius was at the rank of Caesar, Constantine attended the court of Diocletian. His father was given the control of Gaul ( Fance). He was soon after promoted to Caesar. Rise of Diocletian Third century Rome was run down by constant barbarous attacks from the north. Diocletian becomes

Descartes And Locke The Existence Of Knowledge - 867 Words

Descartes and Locke; The Existence of Knowledge Rene Descartes, the Father of Modern Philosophy, based his beliefs off of one piece of knowledge that he found to be absolutely certain; â€Å"I now know that even bodies are perceived not by the senses or by imagination but by the intellect alone, not through their being touched or seen but through their being understood; and this helps me to understand that I can perceive my own mind more easily and clearly than I can anything else† (Descartes, 1639, Second Mediation). Descartes explains that all knowledge other than the answer to what one’s self is, is questionable. As a philosopher, he seeks answers to the remainder of knowledge despite being unsure of the validity of the answers he finds. As a rationalist, someone who believes that knowledge is dependent upon absolute certainty and not the senses, Descartes sought out a method to use to find whether certain knowledge was true. Using this method, known as hyperbolic doubt, he finds that empirical knowledge and a pr iori knowledge can both be called into question. Descartes questions the authenticity of God. He believes that we could not have possibly imagined a perfect God, for we are imperfect and would not be able to conceive such an idea had it not been implanted in us when created. â€Å"By the word ‘God’ I understand a substance that is infinite, eternal, unchangeable, independent, supremely intelligent, supremely powerful, which created myself and anything else that mayShow MoreRelatedEssay on Descartes vs Locke1257 Words   |  6 PagesThe study of knowledge, or epistemology, contains theoretical methods in which information is learned. Of these methods, there are two that are most widely accepted. Rationalism and empiricism are also the most widely debated methods of knowledge. Rationalism claims that a priori processes and intuition gain knowledge. Rationalism claims that knowledge is innate; but that it varies among humans. At the other end of the spectrum, empiricism claims that knowledge is gained largely by experience, observationRead MoreDescartes vs Locke Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy Essay (Descartes vs. Locke) Socrates once said, â€Å"As for me, all I know is that I know nothing.† Several philosophers contradicted Socrates’ outlook and believed that true knowledge was in fact attainable. This epistemological view however had several stances to it, as philosophers held different beliefs in regards to the derivation of true knowledge. Rationalists believed that the mind was the source of true knowledge, while in Empiricism, true knowledge derived from the senses. ReneRead MoreDescartes vs. Locke1175 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy Essay (Descartes vs. Locke) Socrates once said, â€Å"As for me, all I know is that I know nothing.† Several philosophers contradicted Socrates’ outlook and believed that true knowledge was in fact attainable. This epistemological view however had several stances to it, as philosophers held different beliefs in regards to the derivation of true knowledge. Rationalists believed that the mind was the source of true knowledge, while in Empiricism, true knowledge derived from the senses. ReneRead MorePropelling Rational Thought Over Compelling Empiricism1459 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I intend to examine the rationalist philosophy of Rene Descartes and fundamental empiricism of John Locke’s philosophical arguments, in particular their ideas relating to the science of man, his identity and attempt to explain distinctions between the two. As I lay the framework of my argument it is important to understand the precepts that serve as the underpinning for the views considered by Descartes and Locke respectively. Rationalism and empiricism are two modes of thought thatRead MoreDescartes And John Locke s Views On Consciousness, Self, And Personal Identity1475 Words   |  6 PagesSeventeenth century philosophers Renà © Descartes and John Locke endeavored to question the views on consciousness, self, and personal identity. They examined belief in God, the certainty of knowledge, and the role of mind and body. The goal of this paper is to deliberate John Locke’s and Renà © Descartes views on â€Å"self† and personal identity and how each come to examine how knowledge is captured. Renà © Descartes and John Locke both present arguments that are rational in the discussion of consciousnessRead MoreCartesian Rationalism Vs. Locke s Empiricism Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pagesrationalism vs. Locke’s empiricism Rene Descartes was a rationalist who believed that knowledge of the world can be gained by the exercise of pure reason, while empiricist like Locke believed that knowledge of the world came through senses. Descartes from his meditations deduced from intuitive first principles the existence of self, of God, of the mind as a thinking substance and the extended body as a material substance whereas Locke, asserts that knowledge is acquired through perception, directRead MoreRene Descartes and John Locke698 Words   |  3 PagesRene Descartes was a highly influential French philosopher, mathematician, scientist and writer. Many elements of his philosophy have precedent in late Aristolelianism and earlier philosophers like St. Augustine. Descartes was a major figure in 17th century continental rationalism, later advocated by Baruch Spinoza and opposed by the empiricist school of thought consisting of Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. His most famous statement is: Cogito ergo sum, translation in English I think therefore I am.Read MoreRene Descartes And John Locke997 Words   |  4 PagesRene Descartes and John Locke each produced pieces of philosophical responses to the questions posed in epistemology which resulted with very different answers. Descartes relied on God and the mind as the only reliable and trustworthy sources to prove the existence of things other than ourselves. Locke, in contrast, made arguments for the existence of things in the external world via our innate ability to recognize and process sensations that are derived from subjects that exist in the material worldRead MoreEssay about The Existence of God: the Arguments of Locke and Descartes965 Words   |  4 Pages Descartes believes that Gods existence is clear and distinct. God exists because the thought of God is derived from a completely clear and distinct idea from within his being (which he concedes is a thinking being). Having come from distinct thoughts, the idea of God can therefore never be considered a falsity. From this very distinct idea of God comes everything else that one grasps distinctly and clearly. He states, From the fact that I cannot think of God not existing, it followsRead MoreMetaphysical Studies Of The Self And Personal Identity1395 Words   |  6 PagesMetaphysical studies of the self and personal identity were near non-existent prior to Renà © Descartes’ â€Å"Meditations on First Philosophy†. While â€Å"Meditations† was not written with the main focus on personal identity, Descartes makes assertions regarding the subject through the possessive voice. Most of the assertions regarding personal identity materialize in Mediations two and six. By using â€Å"I† in his essay, his epistemological paper is turned into a paper that also concerns self, consciousness

Essay about Dracula vs Van Helsing - 958 Words

Dracula reflects both Bram Stoker’s context and his interest in controversial ideas. Use ‘Dracula’ and ‘Van Helsing’ to demonstrate what concepts and concerns have endured and how they have been represented in both texts. JUSTIN LIANG Dracula ( novel) written by Bram stoker is a text which reflects its English Victorian era context, where gender roles were repressed and science and religion had a conflicting relationship. Van Helsing (Stephen Summers) is a contemporary reproduction which demonstrates the same concepts and concerns that have endured but evolved, and so they have been represented for the modern day audience. The evolution of the concern of Gender roles and the idea of the new woman is very obvious through the†¦show more content†¦She is armed, and ready to hunt the deadliest monsters of Transylvania, something the men in the novel would not dare to do. The gothic convention follows the idea that female protagonist needs constant protection and being rescued by the male is still clearly incorporated in the text. Even though Anna, is depicted as a beautiful and physically strong girl.she still needs protection by others, but the difference between the original convention and the contemporary view is that she is not completely weak but not as strong as the male protagonist, Van Helsing. This reflects the contemporary Van Helsing context. During the Victorian era, The growth in science and technology was dramatic and challenged religious theories. One discovery that is eloquently evinced in the story is Darwin’s theory of Evolution, which reflects the novels context as it was a controversial issue of the era. This theory is thought to be the transformation of populations in the struggle for survival as the ones with the â€Å"best† characteristics will be more likely to survive, and those desirable traits are likely to be passed off to offspring. Early in the novel, as Harker becomes more uncomfortable with his lodgings and his host at castle Dracula, he notes, â€Å"unless my senses deceive me, the old centuries had, and have, powers of their own in which mere modernity cannot kill† Here, Harker states one of the central concerns of the Victorian Era: Supernatural,Show MoreRelatedDracula Archibald Constable And Company 261217 Words   |  5 Pages1) Stoker, Bram. Dracula Archibald Constable and Company 26 May 1897, EBook 2) Copyright Date 1897, Horror fiction/Gothic fiction. This story was written in the 15th Century, during the Victorian time period. The three characteristics it portrays are good and evil, not to judge someone before you know them and man vs. himself 3) Man Vs. Himself There are clear clashes between characters; in any case, the focal clash is amongst man and his feelings of trepidation. Dracula really speaks to malice;Read More Dracula by Bram Stoker Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause good always overcomes it. A good example of this is the book Dracula by Bram Stoker because the author expresses the nature of good vs. evil. Dracula wants to come to London because he wants to turn everyone into vampires. The basic background of the book Dracula is when Jonathan Harker, a realtor who is sent to Transylvania to complete a transaction with Dracula so he can come to England. What Harker does not know is that Dracula has a plan for world domination. Well, while Harker is on a trainRead MoreAnalysis Of Dracul Old Vampire / Nobleman From Transylvania1622 Words   |  7 PagesCharacters: Count Dracula: Old vampire/Nobleman from Transylvania, lives in the Carpathian Mountains, evil, can transform into a bat and is very strong, powerless during the day or when he’s not welcomed in someone’s house, cannot cross water = needs to be on some other transportation like a boat Jonathan Harker: A solicitor that is sent to the castle oversee the plans of Dracula’s purchase of an estate in London, naive and young, trapped inside Dracula’s castle, wants to escape and tries to, braveRead MoreAnalysis Of Dracula By Bram Stoker1434 Words   |  6 PagesThe story of vampires throughout the years has been one of horror and fear. Bram Stoker’s, Dracula, takes this legend and uses it to show how this tremendous source of evil reaffirms the promise of Christianity. Once Dracula comes into their lives, the characters must fight to save people, particularly women, from being turned into vampires. Being a vampire means a life of servitude to both death and damnation. Recognizing a dangerous entity like this, means risking their lives as a mean of protectingRead MoreThe Setting Of Dracula By William Shakespeare1155 Words   |  5 PagesActivity 1 The setting of Dracula took place in Transylvania at Castle Dracula and travels over to Whitby. The author decided to pick this place because this was the birthplace of the Dracula stories. By using this it connected more with the original stories of Dracula instead of taking it somewhere else and make it more of a duplicate. While reading this book it made me feel like I was up and close to Dracula. If the setting would have taken place in a different place it would just have been anotherRead MoreFemininity Vs. Masculinity, By Bram Stoker s Dracula2081 Words   |  9 PagesFemininity Vs. Masculinity Vincent D’Onofrio said â€Å"To me the definition of true masculinity and femininity, too – is being able to lay in your own skin comfortably.† In other words, male can’t be too masculine and female can be too feminine, but both qualities can show though any human because of how we act and our emotions. In Bram Stoker, Dracula, each character faces difficult obstacles between the lines of being all man or facing the structures of being a woman. With the help of two criticalRead MoreAnalysis Of Bram Stoker s Dracula1448 Words   |  6 PagesDracula is a widely known novel written by Bram Stoker in 1897. It is popular worldwide for its intense love story and backstory of the infamous Count Dracula. Stoker was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1847. As a child, he was very ill, so in an attempt to entertain himself, he read several books and listened to the horror stories his mother told him. In turn, Stoker became interested in ghost stories and began writing them . Gothic fiction was a genre that was extremely popular during this time periodRead MoreThe Old Vampire Trend : Bram Stoker s Dracula1856 Words   |  8 PagesThe old vampire trend, so very 2000s or so very 1890s? In 1897, Bram Stoker took central European folk tales and turned them into one of the most famous horror books of all time. Stoker s Dracula isn t young and sparkly-hot; he s creepy, old, and likes turning into bats and clouds of mist. Just like today, vampires in 1897 stood in for a lot of contemporary fears and anxieties. This is a novel that took a pretty obscure folk tale creep and skyrocketed him into fame and everlasting pop-culturalRead MoreGothic Horror : The Epic Battle Of Good Versus Evil2409 Words   |  10 Pagesit† (Dittmer 1). The theme in Dracula is that classic Gothic theme of the epic battle of good versus evil. â€Å"In this novel this is expressed in a very direct way, there is never any question as to who is right and who is wrong. According to Duran â€Å"it can be clearly seen the protagonists on the side of good have many endearing qualities while the antagonists on the side of evil have a pact with Lucifer and are of the purest evil† (mikeduran.com). Bram Stokers Dracula demonstrates how religion can influenceRead More Victorian Gothic Literature: Scientific vs. Medieval Thinking1751 Words   |  8 PagesVictorian Gothic Literature: Scientific vs. Medieval Thinking      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Creatures of the night have always held a fascination and horror for people in all cultures. The English fascination with sensational and gothic literature came to a peak, after slacking slightly following the Romantic period, in the late Victorian period with such works as Dracula, The Strange Adventures of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and The Picture of Dorian Gray. The literate populace avidly devoured this type of literature

Factors Affecting Rate of a Reaction, Chemistry Design Lab Essay Example For Students

Factors Affecting Rate of a Reaction, Chemistry Design Lab Essay Chemistry Lab Report (Design) Factors affecting Rates of a Reaction (Kinetics) KINETICS DESIGN LAB Research Question: Does the concentration of Potassium Iodide (KI) affect the rate of its reaction with hydrogen peroxide (H202) (of a fixed concentration)? Introduction: There are several factors that affect the rate of a reaction. Some of them being Pressure (if the reactants are Gases), Temperature, Presence of a Catalyst, Surface Area of the reactant, and Concentration. According to the Collision Theory, during a eaction, particles collide with each other and react if the geometry of the collision is correct. In this Experiment, we will investigate the effect of varying concentrations of Potassium Iodide on its reaction with Hydrogen peroxide, which will stay at a fixed concentration. This reaction may also be known as the Iodine Clock Reaction. The rate of the reaction will be measured by timing the reaction between Hydrogen Peroxide, Potassium iodide, and Sodium Thiosulphate. Sodium Thiosulphate is used as a delaying mechanism as the reaction between the two main reactants is too rapid o measure. The Sodium Thiosulphate will react with the Iodine ions (the product) first and when the all the Sodium Thiosulphate has reacted, then the remaining Iodine ions will form a blue-black solution because of the addition of Starch into the solution. The Ionic Equation for this reaction is: (aq. ) + 2S2032- (aq. ) 31- (aq. )+S4062- (aq. ) (aq. ) + 2H20 (l. ) H202 (aq. )+ 31- (aq. )+ 2H+ A stopwatch will be used to measure the time taken for the blue-black color of the solution to completely cover the X marked on the tile the conical flask is standing Variables: Independent Variable: Concentration. (The changing concentrations of Potassium Iodide. ) Dependent Variable: Rate of the Reaction. (The amount of time taken for the blue-black starch complex to cover the X marked on the tile. ) Control Variables: i. Concentration of the Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Thiosulphate. it. pH of the Nitric Acid used to acidify the Hydrogen Peroxide Solution. iii. Volume of Potassium Iodide Solution, Hydrogen Peroxide Solution, Nitric Acid, Starch and Sodium is conducted. v. The apparatus used should remain the same so as to avoid minor rrors. Hypothesis: My hypothesis is that the rate of the reaction will increase as concentration increases and will then steady and stay the same. This is because the collision theory states that if the number of particles of one of the reactants increases, then the chance of collision between the two reactants is higher, thus increasing the rate of the reaction. The Potassium Iodide particles will increase and the frequency of their collisions with Hydrogen Peroxide particles will also increase, causing them to react quicker. I ypothesize that as I increase the concentration of the Potassium Iodide Solution, the rate at which the blue-black starch complex covers the X marking on the tile, will also increase until a point where the rate will remain the same due to all the particles having already finished reacting. 1 The rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of a reactant. Concentration of Potassium Iodide 0 Time taken for X to get covered. Apparatus: Hydrogen Peroxide (H202) Solution (1. 500 ? ± 0. 001)g of Potassium Iodide (KI) Powder Sodium Thiosulphate (NaS203) Solution Dilute Nitric Acid (HN03) Solution Starch Solution Tile marked X Conical Flask Digital Stopwatch (? ±O. 01seconds) Measuring Cylinder (? ±O. 5cm3) Electronic Balance (? ±O. OOI g) Distilled Water Procedure: 1 . Prepare Potassium Iodide (KI) solution by dissolving (1. 500 ? ± 0. 001) g of Potassium Iodide Powder into (50. 0 ? ± 0. 5) cm3 of Distilled Water. 2. Make 5 different (10. 0 ? ± 0. 5) cm3 solutions of different concentrations of KI. (? ±0. 5) crn3 Volume of Distilled Water Total Volume of KI Solution (? ±1. 0) cm3 Concentration of KI Solution (MOI. KI / drn3) . 8. 0 10. 0 4. 0 6. 0 10. 0 (Blank) 0. 0 3. Acidify the Hydrogen Peroxide by adding 10 drops of Dilute Nitric Acid to it. 4. Pour 5cm3 of the acidified Hydrogen Peroxide into 5 different conical flasks/beakers. Mark this Flask A. 5. Add 10cm3 of Starch and lcm3 of Sodium Thiosulphate to a conical flask/beaker containing one of the prepared concentrations of KI. Mark this Flask B. 6. Pour all the contents of Flask A into Flask B, which is standing on a tile marked with a large X. 7. Start the stopwatch immediately after adding the contents of A nto B. . Stop the stopwatch as soon as the X has completely disappeared from view. 9. Record all readings and observations. 10. Repeat this procedure once again to ensure accuracy. 1 1 . Repeat this same procedure with all the other potassium iodide concentrations too. 12. Record all the readings and observations. 13. The record table should look something like this: Concentration of KI (mol/dm3) 2. 3. 4. 5. 14. Find the average of all the readings and create a Concentration of Potassium Iodide (concentration/cm3) x Rate of Reaction (time/seconds) graph.