Charles Dickens & Nicholas Nickleby’ Essay

The way Dickens presents the children as being so weak and vulnerable is yet another of the key ways in which Dickens convinces us that the way they are treated is unfair and wrong. An example of this is when they are described in the shop as ‘children with the countenances of old men, deformities with irons upon their limbs†¦ ‘ this shows that these children have all been ruined beyond repair by the all the awful treatment they have received. This makes the reader feel ever more sympathetic towards the children and all the while more disconcerted as to how children may be treated in the real world. The last but certainly not least character I am going to explore that is used by Dickens to attain sympathy is Smike. This character was originally one of the students at Dotheboys Hall but the payments then stopped coming and so Squeers kept him as a slave. When we see Smike for the second time is when we get a real impression about how sad his life has been. When Nicolas looks at him what he sees is a look that was ‘†¦ a very painful one†¦ for it told a long and very sad history. ‘ This shows that there is no limit as to how low a child’s welfare can drop in all things positive as Smike has dropped from being a over punished pupil, to a cruelly treated slave. The readers reaction to this is clearly one of compassion for the character, and then for children in similar situations in real life. To conclude, this book quite possibly has an important historical context as to how the lives of children have changed in Britain since that time. There is a good chance it may have changed the opinions of many of its readers and informed those who were unaware and opened the eyes of the people who were turning a blind one. The fact that it could have had such affect on the matter of the treatment of children makes it clear to me that Dickens wrote this book far more as a message to the people, than just as a source of monetary gain.

Chemical Weapons Use In Warfare And Terrorism essays

Chemical Weapons Use In Warfare And Terrorism essays In recent years, through various terrorist attacks, chemical and biological weapons have become a threat to the general public. Chemical weapons are weapons that contain chemical agents. These agents are poisonous chemical compounds that can injure or kill individuals through contact, inhalation or ingestion. The chemical agent can be in the form of liquids or gasses but can vary in properties. The agents are generally stable whilst being stored but can be very reactive when released. Chemical weapons have been used throughout history in warfare dating back to ancient and medieval times where weapons and arrows dipped in poison where used to kill their opponent more effectively. During the 1800s it was possible to produce large amounts of chemical agents, which led to an international peace conference held in The Hague1 in 1899 to prohibit the use of chemical agents on weapons and in projectiles. Mass use of chemical agents was first seen in World War I where 100,000 tonnes of toxic chemical was used resulting in 90,000 deaths and over a million casualties1. Currently there are many different types of agents used in chemical weapons, which can be grouped together in different categories; Nerve agents are the considered to be the most dangerous of chemical warfare agents. These agents can cause the loss of consciousness and convulsion within seconds of exposure can cause death within minutes. Sarin (C4H10FO2P, methylphosphonofluoridic acid, (1-methylethyl) ester) is a nerve agent. It was discovered in Germany in 1938 by Dr. Gerhard Schrader but was never really used during World War II. It is highly toxic in both liquid and gas form and is colourless and odourless but can sometimes have a fruity smell. Sarin can cause death minutes after exposure. It enters your body through your skin and eyes and also through inhalation. Symptoms of sarin can included a runny nose and drooling, vomiting, nausea, dimmed vision and h...

Definition and Examples of Backing in the Toulmin Model

Definition and Examples of Backing in the Toulmin Model In the Toulmin model of argument, backing is the support or explanation provided for the warrant. The backing is often characterized by the word because. Examples and Observations [Stephen] Toulmins The Uses of Argument, which appeared in 1958, is mainly known for the model of argumentation presented in this book. This model represents the procedural form of argumentation: the various steps that can be distinguished in the defense of a standpoint. According to Toulmin, the soundness of argumentation is primarily determined by the degree in which the warrant, which connects the data adduced in the argumentation with the claim that is defended, is made acceptable by a backing. . . .What kind of backing is required, however, is dependent on the field to which the question at issue belongs. An ethical justification, for instance, requires a different kind of backing from a legal justification. Toulmin concludes from this that the evaluation criteria for determining the soundness of argumentation are field dependent.(Frans H. Van Eemeren, Argumentation Theory: An Overview of Approaches and Research Themes, in Rhetorical Argumentation in Biblical Texts, edited by An ders Eriksson, et al. Continuum, 2002) Different Kinds of BackingToulmin . . . emphasizes the difference between backing and warrant: backings can be categorical statements of fact just like data, while warrants always are general bridge-like statements . . .. A central point in Toulmins book [The Uses of Argument] is that different kinds of backings occur in different fields of argument. Among Toulmins examples of backings are statutes and acts of Parliament, statistical reports, appeals to the results of experiments and references to taxonomical systems. All can provide the backing that warrant the arguments as they are acceptable in particular fields.(Bart Verheij, Evaluating Arguments Based on Toulmins Scheme. Arguing on the Toulmin Model: New Essays in Argument Analysis and Evaluation, edited by David Hitchcock and Bart Verheij. Springer, 2006)Backing as EvidenceInitial Statement: It should be investigated whether Peter murdered George.Claim: Peter shot George.Backing: Witness W states that Peter shot George.[Here] . . . the backing statement is the kind of evidence you need to collect in a murder investigation. Of course, the witness may be lying, or what he says may not be true. But if he says that Peter shot George, that statement needs to be investigated in any proper investigation. It is relevant in that context.(Douglas N. Walton, Witness Testimony Evidence: Argumentation, Artificial Intelligence, and Law. Cambridge University Press, 2008)

Kant vs. Mill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kant vs. Mill - Essay Example In other words, he says that one must act in a manner that one would expect others to act towards oneself. This Kantian ethical theory is popular because it is widely respected and consequently upheld by others. Mills’ ‘greatest happiness principle’ widely known as utilitarianism is fundamentally focused on the consequences of actions taken. He believed in the philosophy that actions, which result in maximum happiness for maximum number of people, are invariable good and therefore, the end justifies the means if it generates happiness for people. Popularised as act utilitarian theory, the actions, that are designed to benefit or have beneficial cascading effects on others, are morally and ethically right. Bentham propagates Mills’ theory and says ‘when choosing a course of action, one should always pick the one that will maximize happiness and minimize unhappiness for the greatest number of people’ (Bentham from Rosenstand p.176). I agree with Kant that trash should not be thrown out of the car window on the freeway primarily because Kant is quite vociferous on the issue that respect for others must become part of our actions and people must act appropriately. Throwing trash not only promotes the bad habit of scattering trash all over the place, even if it is a freeway, but it also violates the law of the state that encourages cleanliness, good habits amongst the citizens and ensures safety of other road users. Despite being a freeway, the people must ensure that their acts do not hurt the other people and throwing trash out of the window could inadvertently hurt people who could be passing by. Mills response to the issue is ridiculous because although cleaning lanes does provide employment to a segment of the people but at the same time, deliberately throwing trash would hurt the sensibilities of a lot more people! It must be understood that people are living within a defined parameters of a social framework. Hence, well being of

ENG 315 Presentation Critique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

ENG 315 Presentation Critique - Assignment Example While it can be concluded from the title that the program is a meal-delivery system for the seniors, the presentation could have started with a visual description of how it will be like to have food easily and readily available to people who need it. However, this did not ruin the overall understanding of the audience on the topic. The opening statement is very catchy and able to get the audience interest. The speaker said: â€Å"Meals on wheels is taking action to end senior hunger.† Not only is the opening line catchy, it immediately gives a hint of the problem that the presentation is trying to resolve. The main points, such as what the program is, what the problem is, statistical data proving there is indeed a continuing problem, why the problem needs to be alleviated, and what the program can do were properly emphasized. However, the important detail of how a senior can enroll in the program was left out. The speaker utilized the â€Å"problem solution pattern† of speech, where the presentation informs the audience of the risks of the problem, the importance, the causes, and the solution. This pattern is alerts the audience to the fact that the issue is something to be concerned of. No, there were no transitions carried out, which makes some area of the presentation abruptly stopped. Good transitional phrases would be: â€Å"Why do we need to know this?† Such would also recapture the attention of the audience. The presentation was summarized, but somewhat too briefly. The summary was only about what the program does. It did not reiterate the reality of the problem, and did not restate how the program is a big relief for this problem. Taken on the emotional level, the closing statement is strong. However, it lacked information. The closing statement seems to call for people to take action: â€Å"Every one of us can play a very important role in the life of a senior. I encourage you to make a difference!† How? Can ordinary people call and enroll a

Marketing Management - marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Management - marketing plan - Essay Example Prior to the study conclusion and business recommendation, the forecasted sales on behalf of Apple and Vodafone will be discussed. Apple’s iPhone is considered as one of the fastest-selling telecommunications product as part of the history. (news.com.au, 2007) In line with the different countries with the legal right to sell iPhone, Apple had chosen a single phone network to exclusively provide the service for the iPhone handset. During the first quarter of 2008, Apple made a confirmation that iPhone will be released in Australian market within the year. (Lake, 2008) Recently, Vodafone has announced that the company will be selling Apple’s iPhone to customers all over Australia during the last quarter of the year with the condition that customers will be required to use the Vodafone network. (Vodafone, 2008a & 2008b) However, Vodafone did not specify whether the said agreement that was signed between the company and Apple was exclusive or not. (Moses, 2008) In case the contract between Vodafone and Apple was not exclusive, there is a possibility for Telstra and Optus to have the priviledge of selling the iPhone to Australian market. As part of Apple’s main business objective, signing a contract with a single phone network in each of its target country will enable Apple to sell a large quantity of iPhone within the shortest period of time. For this study, the researcher will develop a marketing plan for Apple iPhone in Australia. In the process of conducting the study, the researcher will first describe the product followed by studing the market segmentation for iPhone. Based on the demographic profile of its target consumers, the researcher will define the potential market size for the said product. Using the PESTLE framework, the researcher will examing and analyze the external factors that may affect the

Reflection on Personal Development Plan

Reflection on Personal Development Plan For those who intend to discover and to understand, not to indulge in conjectures and soothsaying, and rather than contrive imitation and fabulous worlds plan to look deep into the nature of the real world and to dissect it for them everything must be sought in things themselves. (Sir Francis Bacon). It is base on the wise saying that I reflect on my personal development plan. Everybody has dreams but not every person work to achieve their child wood dream. I have always which to become a successful business executive and I know it could only be achieve by knowing and studying the foundation of business, that is the reason I choose to go for my postgraduate studies in Masters in business Administration, it serves as basiss for my ongoing personal development plan. To be able to discuss my ongoing personal development plan there is need to first discuss what my swot analysis are ,as this will form the background to any developmental plan. STRENGTHS Developing strong people skills Using the power of other peoples help Planning ahead to reduce stress Widening the search for solutions Generating many radical ideas Weighing the pros and cons of a decision WEAKNESSES Lack of effective managerial experience Ineffective Public Speaking and Presentation experience In adequate job experience Lack of in depth knowledge on the way business is being run. OPPORTUNITIES testing the viability of a financial decision Making learning a happier experience Memory Improvement Techniques Choosing by projecting possible outcomes THREATS Using backward planning to set goals Surviving the crises that come with growth Coping with uncertainty Reaching for the top with everyday tools Communicate complex ideas successfully Having tried to analysis my swot analysis to the best of my understanding there is need to identify how it has contributed to my personal development plan. And a constant review of the stages of development will help guide to achieving our dreams. I have this dream of being an accomplished business entrepreneur. This I believe could only believe achieve by gaining managerial experience in work place ,and going for my MBA.I believe it would help me get the required managerial experience and experts that is required to be a successful business entrepreneur. 1.1 WHERE I AM NOW This is a long journey that stated 2004, when I was given admission to study Public Administration at OLABISI ONABANJO UNIVERISTY. While studying Public Administration I was taught managerial and administrative course which includes the following: Leadership foreign policy organizational behavior political economy administrative law conflict management This course has enhanced my knowledge on how several aspects of organization management is being runned which includes: Improved my decision making abilities Analysising work pattern in the work place Effective level of organization leadership and motivation Organizational structure and process of delayering. At the end of my studies I was awarded B.Sc Public administration in April 2008. The next step was to put all the academic knowledge I have gained into use and gain experience on the job. 1.2 Work Experience From May 2008 -march 2009 Company Name: D WAY SYSTEM AND TECH LTD Title: Assistant Operation Manager. My role in the organization is to create stability and used my academic knowledge to enhance productivity, sales and the running of the admin and sales department. My job includes the following: Handling of client request, compliant and comment about product sold to them. Managing the company cyber cafà © Working with the sales department in delivering good service to the clients. Filling of client problem report book, transferring those report to appropriate department Getting feedback from client about service rendered Coordinating the daily running of the cafà © business of the organization. Apart from my role, I still work in the following capacity in the organization Involved in the strategic preparation on company proposal Involved in new project execution Business proposal preparation for the organization 1.3 Strengths/experience gain Creating efficient systems: This skill was significantly developed while working for the organization; I was made to create a structure that allows for effective running of the organization. Comparing and evaluating information: I gain this experience as I have to look into the comparism of different product, using several parameters which includes: pricings, productive specification, market value, client popular demand. Working well in a team: I was able to function very well as a team players, as I work in almost all the department of the organization. Strategic thinking on problem solving: I gain experience on strategic and manipulation of problems in other to get the best solution, and how best to create alternative and exceptions. Areas of further Development Presentation skills: While working for the organization I discover I am very poorwith my presentation skill which need further development. Setting up and keeping to time schedules: My time management skill was way beyond the organization standard and it require prompt development and evaluation. Interpreting plans diagrams: due to my background in administration ,I was in experience in plan and diagram interpretation, since the organization is basically engineering related . 1.4 WHERE I AM GOING Long term objectives My long term aim is to develop my career in the information technology sectorand be a successful business executive in the information technology sector. I discovered that the world is going digital every seconds, and it is going to be a very good business in the third world country like Nigeria that is still struggles to catch up with the facet of technology development. My aim and goal is to work establish business in the e-business, software development and media/data digitalization aspect of the information technology world. This sector i believe is the most lucrative sector in IT, and I believe the experienced gained in the organization I have worked for will be of great help combined with my administrative knowledge. Short Term objectives To develop my business and administrative knowledge in relation to the information technology world. To develop my Information Technology Skills as related to e-bussiness, software and data development. 1.5 HOW WILL I GET THERE In other to achieve my objectives I am embarking on the following Developing my business and administrative knowledge Furthering my studies my going for my masters in business administration in one of the universities here in London. I am doing my postgraduate diploma in management studies with LONDON MILLENIUM COLLEGE, which is a two/third of mba. After completing my pgdip in Management studies, I would use the certificate to gain entrance to a university to finish my MBA. Developing my Information Technology skills I am a student of Oracle university (newyork) studying databases management. I registered with Home learning College to study Microsoft certified system Engineer.(MSCE) I am developing my knowledge of the following application which is widely used by organizations: SAP, ERP, and DASHBORD. Etc. 2.1 TASK2 The course advance professional development have being of great impact to my career development. The course has impacted greatly on getting of managerial competencies and to know the underlying techniques and approaches required to gain personal competency behavior and skills in order to achieve effective performance in the organization have being able to align and differentiate my skills and know my strength and weakness. The course has set out possible source for the development of my desired skills or competence, related to my personal and professional skill enhancement. There is therefore a need to do an analysis of the skills I have gain personally and professional. STRENGHTS Developing strong people skills Using the power of other peoples help Planning ahead to reduce stress Widening the search for solutions Generating many radical ideas Weighing the pros and cons of a decision WEAKNESS Lack of effective managerial experience Ineffective Public Speaking and Presentation experience In adequate job experience Lack of in depth knowledge on the way business is being run. Opportunities testing the viability of a financial decision Making learning a happier experience Memory Improvement Techniques Choosing by projecting possible outcomes Threats : Using backward planning to set goals Surviving the crises that come with growth Coping with uncertainty Reaching for the top with everyday tools Communicate complex ideas successfully 3.1 Assignment 2 task1 In new businesses, management is often considered whatever needs to be done just to keep things afloat. However, for your business to grow and remain healthy, you must master certain basic skills in management and leadership skills that will help you avoid the crisis situations where you have to do whatever it takes to stay afloat. Developing effective management skills to deal with specific challenges and problems of each organization is the urgent needs of many businesses and organizations in the global competitive environment, rapid change of technology and environment. 2.2 SKILLS REQUIRED FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT building power and influence; (ii) communication skills (iii) goal setting; (iv) managing conflict; (v) decision making; (vi) Creative Problem Solving Skills (vii) Task Execution(viii)People Skills;(ix) Inventing products and processes   The quality of manager and effective management styles can determine the culture of the organization, the productivity of its staff, and, ultimately, success or failure of the organization. A manager should have the ability to direct, supervise, encourage, inspire, and co-ordinate, and in doing so facilitate action and guide change.   Three personal and professional skill a manager must possess. This includes Creative Problem Solving Skills: A good and effective manager must possess good and accurate problem solving skills, it is believe that a manager always got problem to solve daily at the work place, proactiveness and have an in depth knowledge of problem solving is a great tool in creating stability A good manager must have good descriptive and analytical skills of solving problem, identifying the cause of the problem, developing and creative options and choosing the best course of action. he best method for implementing and evaluating to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision must be known. During my brief stint working with D WAY Systems and Tech limited as an assistance operational manager, there was a time when the cafà © division of the company develop serious technical issues that requires us changing our Internet Service Provider (isp) and then reconnection process which requires high quality work and it take time for us to switch, this process created serious problem for us satisfying our customer, I was able to solve this applying the rule of problem solving. Communication Skills: A good manager must have a very good communication skill such as: listening skills, presentation skills, feedback skills and Report writing skills. All this communication skills mentions are part of what a good manager should posses to be effective at workplace. The ability to listen to suggestion, compliant, and several issues at the workplace give room for a good manage to eliminate easily the sources of problems. The presentation skills must be very good cause it is an effective to for business growth. Effective managers always give feedback openly this creates an environment of trust and encourages staff to be open with you in return. And not all feedback is critical its just as important to comment when someone has done something right. Employee feedback is critical in managing change. Holding focus groups with employees is a great way to gauge reaction and monitor the progress of change. You also can encourage employees to provide feedback through email or the company intranet. Communication is the cornerstone to successful change management. Talking to your employees is not a one-time event, and you need to reinforce your message by communicating early and often. People Skills Being a skilled people manager includes having the integrity to foster trust and the emotional intelligence to deal with different people successfully. Effective managers are also good at empowering, coaching, motivating and developing people. Managers act as catalysts by bringing the right people together for a wide range of tasks. They know who can do what and who will work best with other people. They are also good facilitators, able to ask the right questions to draw solutions out of others. They ask stimulating questions in a supportive manner rather than behaving like a police interrogator. Management effectiveness requires clear communication and good listening skills. 2.3 THE PROFESSIONAL SKILLS A MANAGER NEED TO BE SUCCESSFUL AT WORK INCLUDES Task Execution To execute complex tasks, manage projects and run an efficient operation, it helps to be able to plan, organize and monitor performance. It is also important to have a strong results focus, to be someone who conveys a sense of urgency and has the perseverance to get things done under tight time pressures. This includes the resilience to bounce back following setbacks, to be someone who is not easily defeated. Trust is an essential element in the relationship of manager and his or her team. You demonstrate your trust in others through your actions how much you check and control their work, how much you delegate and how much you allow people to participate. Organizing and coordinating (the manager organizes subordinates behaviors around tasks and coordinates interdependent relationships to accomplish organizational goals). Commercial insight: This set of skills emphasizes efficiency and, in the case of private sector managers, profitability or return on investment. Managers use strategic thinking to ensure that they focus on the right tasks, those that will add most value. They use their planning skills to prioritize in combination with the ability to understand how value is created. This means understanding the financial aspects of running an organization and allocating all resources at their disposal wisely. Leadership and motivation: A mark of a good leader is to be able to provide consistent motivation to his team encouraging them to attain excellence and quality in their performance. A good leader is always looking for ways to improve production and standards 2.4 HOW THIS SKILLS CONTRIBUTE TO MEET BOTH ORGANIZATIONAL AND PERSONAL GOALS Having analyze both the personal skills and professional skills a manager need to have to be effective at work, for effectiveness in the work place a good manager need to possess both personal and professional skills, both skills are inter related as both help in meeting both organizational and personal goal and objective. A manager that has both skills will possess this following attribute. Enthusiasm: If Managers are negative they bring staffs down. Manager with enthusiasm, with a bounce in their step, with a can-do attitude. Many people tend to follow people with a can-do attitude. Enthusiastic Managers are committed to their goals and express this commitment through optimism. Competence: Managers will be chosen based on their ability to successfully lead others rather than on technical expertise, as in the past. Having a winning track record is the surest way to be considered competent. Expertise in management skills is another dimension in competence. The ability to challenge, inspire, enable, model and encourage must be demonstrated if managers are to be seen as capable and competent. Ability to Delegate Tasks: Trust is an essential element in the relationship of manager and his or her team. You demonstrate your trust in others through your actions how much you check and control their work, how much you delegate and how much you allow people to participate. Cool under Pressure: In a perfect world, projects would be delivered on time, under budget and with no major problems or obstacles to overcome. A leader with a hardy attitude will take these problems in stride. When leaders encounter a stressful event, they consider it interesting, they feel they can influence the outcome and they see it as an opportunity. Team-Building Skills: A team builder can best be defined as a strong person who provides the substance that holds the team together in common purpose toward the right objective. In order for a team to progress from a group of strangers to a single cohesive unit, the leader must understand the process and dynamics required for this transformation. He or she must also know the appropriate leadership style to use during each stage of team development. The leader must also have an understanding of the different team players styles and how to capitalize on each at the proper time, for the problem at hand. Communicate the big picture: If you want your employees to work hard and be committed to your business, you have to keep them in the loop. Open communication helps foster loyalty and gives employees a sense of pride. It helps them understand how their work contributes to the companys success. 4.1 SKILL AUDIT Knowledge and skills which I consider to be important for my future career My Ability Rating strong / weak / somewhere in between Using the power of other peoples help Moderate: I am relatively able to use other peoples help to get things done. Lack of effective managerial experience Weak: i dont have effective managerial experience Ineffective Public Speaking and Presentation experience Weak I do not have enough experience when it comes to public speaking Developing strong people skills Moderate: I am able to demonstrate strong peoples skills to a good extent. In adequate job experience Weak: due to non-adequate job consistency. Lack of in depth knowledge on the way business is being run. Weak: due to my limited exposure on how an organization is being manage in the real world 4.3 A detail action Plan Area of further Development and leadership development Reason How to achieve further leadership development/Review date:dec 2011 Ineffective Public Speaking and Presentation experience I am not good at public specking and paper presentation due to my lack of exposure. I will undergoing constant training and being participative in speech presentation and would love to achieve it by dec 2011 In adequate job experience Having work for a short period I have not being able to gather the relevant experience I need for my development I intend to get a job that will enhance my development and improve my leadership style.so as to gather more job experience Developing strong people skills I have develop my peoples skill to a certain extent due to my constant interaction with people I will keep relating with people to enhanve my peoples skill the more Lack of in depth knowledge on the way business is being run. Due to my inexperience on the job, and my non-involvement in management make me to lack and in depth knowledge on the way business I intend to enhance my knowledge by reading books on business development ,going to seminars and being involve in the management of an organization. 4.4 Impact of learning style on personal development. Personal development of individual depends on the the type of learning styles that best sooth the the individual, while some people are sensory learner others may be intuitive.but for personal development the best approach to achieving a stated goal is to follow the learning style that best enhance its development. Developing your style of learning to cope with different environments takes time and effort, but is an essential skill for both academic study and career development. It is therefore necessary to test the following in achieveing the best learning style for personal development. identify the style of different learning environments you experience; work on the development suggestions in the learning styles reports; when starting new learning tasks, think about what styles will be most productive dont just use your preferred style; when working in groups, think about how each person contributes in terms of their learning style; think about your learning style in group tasks what effect does this have on others?